SKULL SERIES
AP AXIAL PROJECTION:(TOWNE METHOD)
SKULL SERIES
Pathology Demonstrated
skull fractures (medial and lateral displacement), NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES, AND PAGET'S disease are demonstrated
AP AXIAL PROJ.: (TOWNE METHOD)
SKULL SERIES
Technical Factors
IR size 10 x 12" (24 x 30 cm); length wise; moving or stationary grid; 70 to 80 kV; 20 mAs; small focal spot
AP axial projection: (TOWNE METHOD)
skull series
patient position and patient part
patient is erect or supine; depressed chin,
OML perpendicular to IR; (for patients unable to flex their neck, align IOML perpendicular to IR); align MSP to CR and midline of the grid or the table; check for no head rotation and no tilt
AP AXIAL PROJECTION:(TOWNE METHOD)
SKULL SERIES
central ray
angle CR 30° caudad to OML, or 37° caudad to IOML; center at the MSP 2 1/2 inches (6.5 cm) above the glabella to pass through the foramen magnum at the level of the base of the occipital bone;
Collimate to what part of the body for an AP axial projections skull series (Towne Method)?
collimate to the outer margins of the skull
AP AXIAL PROJECTION:(TOWNE METHOD)
SKULL SERIES
structures shown
occipital bone, petrous pyramids, and foramen magnum, the dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids visualized in the shadow of the foramen magnum
________ of the CR will project the dorsum sellae above the foramen magnum and __________ will project the anterior arch of C1 into the foramen Magnum rather than the dorsum sellae
under angulation/ over angulation
When collimating, the entire skull is visualized. The ________ is near the top and the ___________ ___________ is in the approximate center
vertex
foramen magnum