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U.S. History Exam Study Guide

Terms in this set (90)

When did Francis Scott key write the star spangled banner (after what event)
It was written after Key witnessed the Maryland fort being bombarded by the British during the War of 1812.
In the north citizens______ the abolitionist movement.
Held a wide range of views of.
What was the underlying belief in the prison reform movement?
They shouldn't be a place to punish criminals, but for criminals to go to feel sorrow.
What is one method that some southern states used to restrict the execution of the 15th amendment?
Guaranteed voting rights for African American men.
During the 1840s, more than a dozen states enacted sweeping prison reforms and created special institutions for what group of people?
The mentally ill.
The ______was a secret society, started in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1866 by former Confederate soldiers that rapidly spread throughout the south.
The Whiskey Ring.
In general, how could the presidents of the gilded age be described?
...
What was the Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott Case?
It ruled that Dred Scott had resided in a free state and territory (where slavery was prohibited) was not entitled to his freedom and that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States
What was the main charge that President Johnson's impeachment trial?
He refused to uphold the Tenure of Office Act.
Why did Andrew Jackson support the spoils system?
He wanted people he knew to give him advice and in some cases make Jackson think about a decision before making it.
What did the Pickney's Treaty give the U.S.?
It gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans.
How did the debate over the trans continental railroad route serve to intensify existing sectional conflicts?
The northern route required the repeal of the MI compromise.
To make rail service more reliable, what did the American Railway association introduced in 1883?
Divided the country into four time zones.
What are examples of our duties?
Paying taxes, serving on a jury and obeying the law.
Why did thousands of people come to California in 1849?
The Gold Rush of 1849.
What were people that were pushing for ratification of the Constitution as it was originally written called?
Federalists.
What did Alexander Graham Bell's most famous invention contribute to life in the late 1800s?
The telephone.
Why did the knights of labor supper a steady decline in membership and influence?
Due to lost strikes and Haymarket Riot.
Why did the federalist promise to add a Bill of Rights ones the Constitution was ratified?
The Federalists kept the promise to propose amendments to protect specific rights with Madison's proposal of nineteen amendments to the First Congress.
Why did Lincoln want to prevent Maryland from seceding?
Lincoln wanted to prevent Maryland from seceding because if it did, Washington, D. C. , would be surrounded by Confederate territory.
How did business leaders in the late 19th century utilitize vertical integration?
Control all aspects of an Industry.
How did the Haymarket riot hurt the labor movement?
Made people see labors and Labor Unions as anarchists and bad
During the early days of industry allies industrialization why did many members of Congress believe tariffs were necessary?
To help new American industries compete with large established European factories.
What was the federalist strategy for getting ratification of the Constitution?
Federalists Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay wrote a series of 85 essays that they initially published in New York newspapers to win the approval of New Yorkers for the new Constitution. The Federalists collected these papers into two volumes. They explained the Constitution and refuted the Anti-federalist critics.
Why was president Jefferson Davis's ability to conduct the war hampered?
Because the Confederacy's constitution emphasized states' rights and limited the central governments power.
Why did cities grow in the United States during industrialization?
One reason had to do with immigration. Another reason cities grew was that there were jobs available in the cities. Finally, the cities offered more opportunities for doing things.
The necessary and proper clause in the Constitution created what kind of powers?
Implied Powers.
Why were some leaders opposed to the bank of the United States?
The Constitution didn't give federal government power to create a bank.
After a British warship fired on an American wars in 1807, President Jefferson asked Congress to pass the ______ halting all trade with Europe.
The Embargo Act.
How did railroad companies raise most of the money that they needed to build their railroads?
They sold land to build railroads.
What was one of the major reasons for the growth in urbanization between 1860 and 1900?
Factories were now mostly located in cities
What did the violence in the Kansas territory referred to as bleeding Kansas Demonstrate?
...
Where were most of the immigrants to enter the United States through angel island from?
The Chinese.
What to houses make up the legislative branch?
The senate and the House of Representatives.
Why did the Confederate commander at Vicksburg surrender?
Prolonged siege operations.
Several states in the north past personal liberty laws. What do those laws do?
To counter the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850.
What was the Bessemer process crucial to the development of in cities?
A cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850.
Under the articles of Confederation, what powers did the Confederation Congress have?
They had the power to declare war, appoint military officers, sign treaties, make alliances, appoint foreign ambassadors, and manage relations with Indians.
Lincoln suspended Ritz of habeas corpus. What was the result?
A person could be imprisoned indefinitely without trial.
Why was the battle of New Orleans significant?
Because it propelled Andrew Jackson to fame as a war hero.
How did the Wilmont Proviso affect Congress?
was designed to eliminate slavery within the land acquired as a result of the Mexican War (1846-1848). Soon after the war began, President James K. Polk sought the appropriation of $2 million as part of a bill to negotiate the terms of a treaty.
What are the basic rights we have as citizens?
Religious freedom, freedom of the press, and trial by jury to all American citizens.
The famous quote "[a nation] conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal" was part of the________
The Gettysburg Address.
Why were labor unions opposed to immigration?
Immigrants would work for low wages.
How did the United States acquire the Louisiana territory?
The Louisiana Territory had been a land purchase transaction by the United States of America of 828,800 square miles of the French territory "Louisiane" in 1803 during Thomas Jefferson's presidency.
What was the main difference between the Virginia plan and the New Jersey plan?
Virginia plan advocated two legislative houses of which membership would be based on population. New Jersey plan advocated one legislative house, membership in which would be equal for all states.
Who is William M. Tweed?
Was an American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th century New York City and State.
What was the real issue for opponents of the constitution regarding the national government?
Was whether the national government or the state government would be supreme.
Why did the government set forth in the constitution a federal system?
Because it divides the government's power between the federal and state governments.
What was the leading economic activity in the United States in the early 1800s?
Agriculture.
What did the federalist a collection of essays written by James Madison Alexander Hamilton and John jay explain?
promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.
What was John Brown's in tension in reading the arsenal at Harpers Ferry?
an attempt to start an armed slave revolt and destroy the institution of slavery.
How did the US government encourage American industry in the late 19th century?
By passing Protective Tariffs.
What did the members of the Federalist party support?
The British.
How did the invention of the cotton gin affect the south?
The South became the cotton producing part of the country because Whitney's cotton gin was able to successfully pull out the seeds from the cotton bolls.
Why did residents in the south defend the institution of slavery?
They argued that the slaves were in actuality happy, content and well cared for. They also began to defend slavery as a "positive good."
To receive a pardon under Lincoln's reconstruction plan, what would southerners have to do in addition to taking an oath of loyalty to the United States?
To accept that slaves were now free.
How is one elected president?
The Electoral College Votes for the President. Normally, one of the candidates for President receives a majority of the electoral votes in which that person is elected President.
What is the idea that states can declare a federal law unconstitutional called?
Nullification.
What was the overall purpose of black codes passed by the new southern legislatures?
To severely limit the rights of African Americans to state similar to slavery.
What contributed most to the failure of McClellans peninsular campaign?
McClellan advancing up the peninsula slowly with too much caution.
Political machines provided new city dwellers with necessities such as jobs house I am police protection and exchange for what?
Votes.
How did those who favorite loose construction in those who supported strict construction most strongly differ?
A strict constructionist attempts to interpret the law based on the words of the law itself, while a loose constructionist applies a more liberal reading to the text.
Why did the Emancipation Proclamation limit the abolition of slavery to certain regions?
To maintain the support of political leaders in the border states.
Why did it make sense for big corporations to continue operating during poor economic times?
They had big fixed costs, and low operating costs, so they could still make money.
How many amendments to the Bill of Rights have when it went into effect in 1791?
10 amendments.
What was the XYZ affair concerned with?
French demands for bribes from the U.S.
After Lincoln fired McClellan, he gave command of the army to a series of generals who were those generals?
Burnside, Hooker, Meade, and Grant
What is the idea of manifest destiny?
That Americans were destined, by God, to govern the North American continent.
What did the Dred Scott really have in common with the fugitive slave act?
...
How did employers generally view unions?
Conspiracies that interfered with property rights.
As the Civil War began what was president Lincolns goal?
Preserving the Union was his main goal of the Civil War.
At first why did ranchers see Barb wire as a threat?
They didn't want to abandon open grazing; Livestock was prevented to roam.
What did the decision in the Marbury vs Madison case establish?
The power of Judicial Review.
How did the outcome of the constitutional convention differ from the original purpose?
It was to revise the Articles of Confederation.
Why is President Grant remembered as a corrupt president?
During presidency several scams passed through Congress. The Panic of 1873 came about in his reign.
What did the gag rule demand?
It is a rule that limits or forbids the raising, consideration, or discussion of a particular topic by members of a legislative or decision-making body.
What did the four candidates that ran for president in 1824 have in common?
They all were in the Democratic-Republican Party.
How did the 1882 Chinese exclusion act affect Chinese immigrants?
It suspended the immigration of Chinese laborers (skilled or unskilled) for a period of 10 years.
What would the Wilmot Proviso have done if it passed?
Prohibited slavery in any territory acquired as a result of the Mexican-American War.
What was the solution that emerged in the Missouri Compromise?
Agreed to admit Missouri as a slave holding state, and at the same time agreed to admit Maine as a non slave holding state.
What does a cotton gin do?
It is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.
What event at Gettysburg resulted in the slaughter of Confederate troops?
Pickett's Charge.
What were the two rail roads companies that built the transcontinental railroad?
The Central and Union Pacific.
How did the Donner party try to survive?
After eating the family dogs and other animal meat, some members ate bones, hides, twigs and string. - Human bones were not recovered but researchers believe some Donner Party members resorted to cannibalism.
The "era of good feelings" was used to describe which president?
President James Monroe.
Why was it necessary to pass the 13th amendment after the Emancipation Proclamation have been issued?
The emancipation proclamation had freed the enslaved african americans only in the states at war with the union.
What are the three branches of government?
Legislative, Judicial, Executive.
What are examples of our responsibilities?
Voting, picking up litter, participating in local government and volunteering in the community.
After the Kansas Nebraska act passed, why did Northerners head for Kansas?
They wanted to create an antislavery majority there.
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