US History Midterm Review

separation of powers checks and balances
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Terms in this set (44)
separation of powers checks and balances
3 branches, federal system-division of states and power of constitution, checks and balances from enlightenment, separation of powers = montesqui
Thomas Paine
Common Sense pamphlet - pointed out flaws in Britain
Influenced independence from Great Britain, natural rights
Intolerable Act
in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses
STAMP ACT - all paper documents, affect news & lawyers
Constitution and Bill of Rights
James Madison, Alexander Hamilton
Successful for dipping from Britain
gives people essential rights, (like natural rights)
Constitution: Law of the US
Bill of Rights: first 10 amendments of Constiution
Compromise of 1850
(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas
Popular Sovereignty
A government in which the people rule by their own consent.
Dred Scott Decision
A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.
Goals of the Civil War
To abolish slavery and force the south to rejoin the union, unify nation
(democracy)
Andrew Johnson Reconstruction
states needed to abolish slavery to rejoin US
returned land property to all ,except slaves, who agreed to return to union and support 13th amendment, no slavery
Harper's Ferry
John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged
Emancipation Proclamation1863, Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be freeMajor InventionsFord car - mass production Steel Making Process - Bessemer process, cheaper stronger building material Light bulb - Thomas Edison electrical light, affordable light creating mainstream electrical grids Type writer - Christopher Sholes, printing cheaper/easier Train Car - Pullman Car, transportation easy of upper class Practical Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell, long distance communicationSocial Darwinism19th century of belief that evolutionary ideas theorized by Charles Darwin could be applied to society, strongest most efficient businesses will surviveAndrew CarnegieSteel Tycoon, vertical integration Carnegie Steel Co. Philanthropist, revolutionaized steel makingSherman Anti-trust ActProtected consumers from monopolies, fair competition in open market Didn't let big companies merge to create monopoly, led to downfall of Rockefeller Standard Oil CompanyVertical IntegrationPractice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution. Carnegie Steel co. Greater capacity, control, flexibility with inovationsChinese Exclusion ActDenied immigration to unskilled workers, only skilled could enter US, overcrowded ports, increased illegal immigrantsAmericanization MovementDeculturizing of immigrants, and making them American Immigrants viewed as threat to American-born people so programs made to strengthen american values Acclimate them to the American WayJim CrowLaws designed to enforce segregation in southern US Laws in place until 1961, enforced by by segregating whites, not really government policy or whatnotProgressive Goalsend abuses of power, replaced corrupt stuff with good stuff, apply science to stuffMuckrackersJournalists who wrote about corruption in business and politics in order to bring about reform.Upton SinclairMuckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. food industry revitalized and rejuvenated with regulationsTrust BustingGovernment activities aimed at breaking up monopolies and trusts Sherman Anti-trust act prevents consumers from effects f trusts, cartels and monopolies restricted unfairly stricken tradeCausesImperialism - Monroe Doctrine Need and greed for more power ,land money, Need foir expansion - sell to others - cheaper labor - raw material "monopoly"Platt AmendmentMarch 2, 1901 8 conditions cuba had to agree to for US to withdrawl troops 8th condition was to agree with the first 7 conditionsRoosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic States US will intervene in conflicts between Europe and Latin americaTreaty of Parisguacamole taxThe Foraker Actagreement that set up a new Puerto Rican government in 1900Major Imperialists Powersdutch, american, frenchAmerican coloniesHawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines,Boxer Rebellionviolent anti-foreign anti-christian movement that took place in China ended foreign influence in the countryOpen Door PolicyA policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.Theodore Roosevelt's Role in Imperialismimpacted foreign nations and inervene in them (Cuba, Venezuela)Causes of WWIMilitarism, Alliances, Imperialism, NationalismAssassination of Franz FerdinandHeir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was assassinated in Bosnia-Herzegovina, which triggered the Austro-Hungarians to pledge war against Serbia, which then initiated World War I.Convoy Systemmilitary surrounded merchant/transportation boats reduced German u-boat destructionSelective Service Actrequired all males to 18-45 to register for war, dumbest were selected 24 million registered 4.8 million served 100k diedNew WeaponsMachine guns tanks airplanes poison gas zeppelinsWilson's 14 PointsPresident Woodrow Wilson proposed a 14-point program for world peaceLeague of NationsA world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace., yet unfair to germany who was the reason for war. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.The Big FourItaly France England United States #bigfourNeutrality and IsolationismUS didnt want to deal and get into world war in europeWomen's Rightsequal pay and demand for woman suffrage became more prominent and somewhat improved woman filled in jobs, declaring their importanceEspionage and Sedition ActsTwo laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against US partcipation in WWI