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Chapter 17 APUSH

Terms in this set (32)

Truck line
Major route between large cites
Promontory Point
Point in Utah where the Transcontinental Railroad was completed
Watering stock
Raising more capital through sale of stock than a company has the assets to serve as collateral.
Railroad rebates
Developed in the 1880s, a practice by which railroads would give money back to its favored customers, rather then charging them lower prices, so that it could appear to be charging a flat rate for everyone.
Interlocking directorates
the consolidation of rival enterprises, to ensure harmony officers of a banking syndicate were placed on boards of these rivals
Bessemer process
A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.
Sherman Antitrust Act
First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions
United States v. E.C. Knight Co.
(1895) Congress wanted to bust a trust because it controled 98% of sugar manufacturing. Supreme court said no because it wasn't interstate commerce which they do have the right to regulate. Severely weakend the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Social Darwinism
The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion
especially in economics gave a reason to trust the rich and said the rich were rich because they were the best society has to offer
Gospel of Wealth
the belief that those entrusted with societys riches had to prove themselves morally responsible
Horatio Alger myth
belief that because limitless possibilities exists in the US, anyone can get ahead if they work hard
"Yellow-dog contracts"
A written contract between employers and employees in which the employees sign an agreement that they will not join a union while working for the company.
Court injunction
court order issued to prevent a company or union from taking action during a labor dispute, a weapon against labor strikes
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. The worst railroad violence was in Pittsburgh, with over 40 people killed by militia men
National Labor Union
1866 - established by William Sylvis - wanted 8hr work days, banking reform, and an end to conviction labor - attempt to unite all laborers
Knights of Labor
(GC) , one of the most important American labor organizations of the 19th century. Founded by seven Philadelphia tailors in 1869 and led by Uriah S. Stephens, its ideology may be described as producerist, demanding an end to child and convict labor, equal pay for women, a progressive income tax, and the cooperative employer-employee ownership of mines and factories. Leaderships under Powderly, successful with Southwest Railroad System, failed after Haymarket Riot
Haymarket Square
chicago bombing that resulted from alleged brutalities by authorities of laborers
American Federation of Labor
Federation of craft labor unions lead by Samuel Gompers that arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor
Homestead Strike
It was one of the most violent strikes in U.S. history. It was against the Homestead Steel Works, which was part of the Carnegie Steel Company, in Pennsylvania in retaliation against wage cuts. The riot was ultimately put down by Pinkerton Police and the state militia, and the violence further damaged the image of unions.
Pullman Strike
This was a nonviolent strike which brought about a shut down of western railroads, which took place against the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago in 1894, because of the poor wages of the Pullman workers. It was ended by the president due to the interference with the mail system, and brought a bad image upon unions.
In re Debs
Supreme Court approved use of court injunctions against strikes which gave employers a very powerful weapon to break unions; Debs later turned to the American Socialist Party in 1900
Cornelius Vanderbilt
United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877), Made millions from steamboat business, and used the money to merge local railroads to the New York Central Railroad.
Jay Gould
an American financier that was partnered with James Fisk in tampering with the railroad stocks for personal profit He, like other railroad kings, controlled the lives of the people more than the president did and pushed the way to cooperation among the kings where they developed techniques such as pooling.
J.P. Morgan
Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons"
Andrew Carnegie
A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.
John Rockefeller
Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history, also the richest man in history
Alexander Graham Bell
He was an American inventor who was responsible for developing the telephone. This greatly improved communications in the country.
Thomas Edison
This scientist received more than 1,300 patents for a range of items including the automatic telegraph machine, the phonograph, improvements to the light bulb, a modernized telephone and motion
picture equipment. Also invented the first laboratory
George Westinghouse
An american entrepreneruer and engineer who invented the railroad and the air brake
Terence Powderly
Led the Knights of Labor, a skilled and unskilled union, wanted equal pay for equal work, an 8hr work day and to end child labor
Samuel Gompers
United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924 (1850-1924)
Eugene Debs
Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.
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