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Hinojosa Ch. 9 and Vocab.

Terms in this set (53)

this seeks tominimize activity limitation through ___ approaches, which ate interventions that modify the environment tor teach the client adapted procedures to substitute for loss of function.
Compensatory approaches
This is well thought our plan to present to a client that is neither so far above the client's present abilities that is is frustrating nor so far below that new learning does not occur
just-right-challenge
T or F: giving a client an exercise instead of a functional activity will produce more internal motivation from the client>
F: meaningful functional activities increase motivation to encourage greater effort, repetitions, and extended endurance.
What in most advantageous for clients who's treatment goals are muscle endurance or joint flexibility?
more repetitions over a longer duration of actions that demand optimum levels of muscle output or soft tissue elongation.
what are some cautions that practitioners need to consider when using activirtes to elicit repetitive performance?
Movement need to be performed from position of optimal alignment/ergonomically sound, activity intro. only if Pt. demonstrates adequate prerequisite factors and skills, repetition must occur naturally (don't make it into a rote exercise!)
incremental increases in appropriate demands of activities is referred to as _?
graded challenges.
What are two common mistakes when using activity grading as a therapeutic intervention?
1. Constantly upgrade the challenge of task so that the client never achieves the satisfaction of performing activities more easily.
2. Upgrading two challenge areas simultaneously. Grading in one area may diminish capabilities of other challenging area temporarily
T or F: neither activity repetition nor activity grading may be a sufficient intervention when the therapeutic goal is to assist clients in learning and generalizing effective strategies for their performance of daily tasks.
True
What kind of performance skills strategies include the vast repertorire of kinematic and kinetic linkages that underlie performance of skilled, efficient movement.
motor strategies
What kind of perormance skills strategies include the multiple and varied tactics people use to facilitate processing, storage, retrieval, and manipulation of info?
cognitive strategies
What kind of performance skills strategies assist people in their social interactions with other people?
interpersonal strategies
What kind of performance skills strategies include the methods people use to modulate their awareness of the myriad sensory stimuli and input in their surroundings.
sensory strategies.
what can help regulate arousal...
Deep touch pressure and proprioceptive input to calm and focus a client or by using some movement activities to alert the Pt.
This is the knowledge and regulation of personal cognitive processes and capacities..?
metacognition
Approaches to Evaluations (7)
Review; Observation, Examination, Interview, Palpation, Test, Self-Report
Nine Type of assessment Instrument.
Checklist; Interview; Index(often a ratio); Questionnaire; Rating Scale; Test; Coding Scheme; Narrative or Vignette; Projective Technique.
name that assessment instrument: a composite of values or scores(often ratio) that decribes condition/variable that cannot be directly observed.
Index
name that assessment instrument:opinions, judgement, or eval by rater. response indicated by checking/circling words, phrases, and or numvers... give example
Rating Scale; Ex: MMT or FIM
name that assessment instrument: translates qualitative info into categorical and numerical (quantitative) acores.
Coding Scheme.
name that assessment instrument: measurement using a scenario designed to assess reactions to either hypothetical or actual situations.
Narrative or Vignette
Name that assessment instrument: a standardized method to elicit responses to vague, ambiguous stimuli (pics, phrases, tasks).. respondent is believed to project his/her own feeling, thoughts or personality onto the stimuli.
Projective technique
cognitive process performed by therapist when eval info. concerning Pt. during OT process
Clinical reasoning
Assigning numbers to the results of a test or other type of assessment according to a specific rule.
Measurement
Refers to process of obtaining and interpreting data necessary for intervention. includes planning for and doc. the eval. process and results.
Evaluation
Refers to specifc tools or instruments used during the eval process
Assessment
Particular type of assessment that typically consists of a set of questions administered during a fixed period of time under reasonably comparable conditions for all subjects.
Test
Test that is based on a nonnative or comparative population.
Normative or normed test.
Lacks on or more of the criteria for a standardized test such as a consisten tprocedure for administration and scoring, a fixed sey of equipment, a protocol form for recording and reporting, or a nonnative sample for comparison of scores.
Nonstandardized, unstructured, or informal assessment.
procedure, apparatus, an d scoring are fixed so that the same procedures are followed precisely during ea. administration of the test. Uniformity, Specific protocol, provides nonnative data as a standard of comparison.
Standardized, structured or formalized assessment
consists fo sets fo quesiotn, which are to be asked in a given order an dare asked as they are written.
Structured interview assessment.
What is a semi structured interview assessment?
Questions may be rephrased and more questions may be added to obtain additional info or clarify answers.
What is an open-ended interview assessment/
Designed to facilitate the expression of feelings or associations and usually have no set format aside from an opening statement.
This type of test reserves intellectual property rights by the holder.
copyrighted test
The test publisher provides the author(s) with royalties for ea. test kit sold or has paid the author(s) a lump sum in advance to buy the intellectual property rights.
Commercial test
info about test is provided in a book or journal article but various details of administration, scoring, and interpretation are not provided.
Unpublished test
Any instrument which uses the typical scores of members of a comparison group as a standard for determining individual performance. measurement comparing performance of the subj. on a test to comparison group of known characteristics.
Norm-referenced test
What is a criterion-referenced test?
measurement comparing performance of the subj. on a test to preestablished performance level or criterion.
what is performance based assessment?
Relies on obs. of client behaviors, usually by therapists. Client is observed during the performance of activity and ability to accomplish task is rated.
What are self-assessment or self-reports?
Solicits info directly from the client and relies heavily on providing clearly worded questions and concise directions for completing questions.
Test user must demonstrate certain criteria have been met before the test may be purchased and/or used by the person.
Restricted use test.
The examiner presents problems or questions to examinees and records their responses w/no attempt to intervene in order to change, guide, or improve the examinees' performance.
Static, normative, traditional assessment
Refers to assessment of thinking, perception, learning, and problem solving by active teaching process aimed at modifying cognitive functioning.
Dynamic (interactive) assessment
What is procedural reasoning?
rational, linear thinking about nature of client's problems and optimal course of action in treatment... generally based on logical ideas.
This refers to thinking in story form to place the client's functioning in the context of his/her background and broader XP.
Narrative Reasoning.
What is conditional reasoning?
Therapis's understading of unique patient and his/her specific condition and life situation to predict what might happen in different therapeutic plans are carried out.
This considers the logistics and practical aspects of delivering services to clients within a given stting or organization.
pragmatic reasoning.
This is a subcategory in which therapist's pervious XP w/ patients judged to be similar to the specific Pt whom they are treating adds to their knowledge about the situation.
Generalization reasoning.
This is the ability of an assessment to consistently measure what it is supposed to measure?
Reliability
This is the extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure.
validity
The science of testing; test measurement statistics provided to support technical or scientific quality of an assessment is called?
psychometrics
generalizability of study findings to other similar events or activities in everyday life; in tests and measurements?
Ecological validity
T or F: Pt.'s home is the most Ecologically valid environment?
True
Reasoning directed to analyzing an ethical dilemma, generating alternative solutions, and determining actions to be taken. Systematic approach to moral conflict.
Ethical reasoning.
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