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Comm Disorders Ch 1, 2, 3, & 4

Terms in this set (50)

Communication Disorders
impairs all aspects of communication - ability to send, receive, process, and comprehend concepts
Speech Disorder
atypical production of speech sounds, disruption in flow of speech, and poor quality or absence of voice
With...
Articulation: dysarthria (poor speech articulation)
Fluency: stuttering (over-use of fillers, hesitation, repetition, prolongation)
Voice: vocal abuse (excessive use of voice resulting in hoarseness)
Language Disorder
impairment in comprehension and/or use of language
With...
Form: phonology, morphology, syntax
Use: pragmatics
Content: semantics
Hearing Disorder
Deafness: auditory channel no longer primary sensory input
Hard of Hearing: slight loss of hearing, still uses primarily audition for communication
Central Auditory Processing Disorder
deficits in processing of information you hear
Augmentative/Alternative Communication
used to compensate for individuals with impaired communication
Audiologists
measure hearing ability, deal with hearing disorders and balance
- Doctorate
- ASHA CCC-A
Speech-Language Pathologists
provide services for those with communication disorders
- Master's
- ASHA CCC-SLP
Speech, Language, and Hearing Scientists
Extend our knowledge of human communication processes and disorders
- Doctorate
Efficacy
IDEAL
Benefit from an intervention method under ideal conditiions
Effectiveness
AVERAGE
Benefit from an intervention method under average conditions
Efficiency
QUICK
Quickest method involving the least effort and the greatest benefit
Sociolinguistics
study of influences on communication
Culture Identity
language community, the more you understand about your culture the better you can communicate
Grammar
rules of a language
Linguistic Intuition
recognition of "right" and "wrong" grammar by a native speaker
Dynamic
language is always changing
Semantic Features
pieces of meaning that come together to define a word
Articulation
how speech sounds are formed - how we move our tongue, teeth, and lips
Fluency
flow of communication - rhythm and rate of speech
Rate
how fast we talk - may suggest dialect
Pitch
how high or low a sound is
Habitual pitch
basic tone that an individual uses most of the time
Intonation
pitch movement with an utterance - rise in pitch at the end of a question
Artifacts
context clues that tell us things about you
Kinesics
body language
Proxemics
physical distance between people while they are communicating
Tactiles
touching behaviors - how, when, and where you touch someone to communicate
Chronemics
effect of time on communication - being prompt and to the point vs. leisurely conversation
Respiratory System
driving force for speech - produces air for speech
Laryngeal System (Phonation)
fold vibrates setting the air at different frequencies
Articulatory/Resonating System
acoustic filter - allows only certain frequencies in at a time
Tidal Breathing
life sustaining breathing
Alveolar Pressure
air pressure in the lungs
Hyoid Bone
where the larynx is suspended
Velopharyngeal Closure
during swallowing and speech production the soft palette moves up and separates the nasal cavity from the mouth
Language Impairment
typical nonverbal intelligence, language performance low, deficits in working memory suggesting limited capacity for word processing
Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
an impairment focused on a certain property of language, no real cause can be identified
Intentionality
8-9 MONTHS
child's behavior is meant to influence someone
Protowords
consistent vocal patterns - accompany many gestures
Representation
having on thing stand for another (piece of paper used as a blanket for a doll)
Symbolization
using an arbitrary symbol to stand for something
Lexicon
personal dictionary - the words you know and the meanings you know them by
Reformulation
After a kid says something to you incorrectly you agree and then say it back correctly -
" 'morrow grandma come" and saying "yes, tomorrow grandma is coming:
Fast Mapping
child infers meaning from context and then uses the word in a similar situation as when they learned the word
Figurative Language
does not always mean what it seems to mean, idioms
Intellectual Disability
Severely low IQ, limits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
Learning Disability
deficits in use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities
- have difficulty learning
- ADHD: neurological impairment in function that regulates behavior
Cluttering
often mistaken for stuttering, over use of fillers and circumlocutions associated with word-finding, rapid speech, and repetition - children don't seem to notice when they have a cluttering problem unlike children who stutter
Autism Spectrum Disorder
- problems with social communication/interaction
- restrictive, repetitive patterns
- symptoms not fully manifested until social demands exceed a child's capacity
- symptoms limit and impair daily function
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