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Chapter 9: The Progressive Era

Terms in this set (32)

progressive movement
an early-20th-century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life
Florence Kelley
an American social and political reformer. Her work againstsweatshops and for the minimum wage, eight-hour workdays, and children's rights is widely regarded today.
prohibition
the banning of the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages
muckraker
one of the magazine journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s
scientific management
an application of scientific principles to increase efficiency in the workplace
Robert M. La Follette
Wisconsin Republican governor who led the way in regulating big business. targeted the railroad industry- taxed railroad property, set up a commission, and forbade railroads to issue free passes to state officials
initiative
a procedure by which a legislative measure can be originated by the people rather than by lawmakers
referendum
a procedure by which a proposed legislative measure can be submitted to a vote of the people
recall
a procedure for removing a public official from office by a vote of the people
Seventeenth Amendment
adopted in 1913, provides for the election of U.S. senators by the people rather than by state legislatures
NACW
a social service organization founded in 1896; National Association of Colored Women
suffrage
the right to vote
Susan B. Anthony
social reformer who campaigned for women's rights, temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National American Woman Suffrage Association
NAWSA
an organization founded in 1890 to gain voting rights for women; National American Woman Suffrage Association
Upton Sinclair
muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.
The Jungle
This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
Square Deal
President Theodore Roosevelt's program of progressive reforms designed to protect the common people against big business
Meat Inspection Act
a law, enacted in 1906, that established strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created a federal meat-inspection program
Pure Food and Drug Act
a law, enacted in 1906, to halt the sale of contaminated foods and drugs and to ensure truth in labeling
conservation
the planned management of natural resources, involving the protection of some wilderness areas and the development of others for the common good
NAACP
an organization founded in 1909 to promote full racial equality; National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Gifford Pinchot
head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt; believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them
William Howard Taft
27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
a set of tax regulations, enacted by Congress in 1909, that failed to significantly reduce tariffs on manufactured goods
Bull Moose Party
name given to the Progressive Party, formed to support Theodore Roosevelt's candidacy for the presidency in 1912
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
Carrie Chapman Catt
(1859-1947) a suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.
Clayton Antitrust Act
a law, enacted in 1914, that made certain monopolistic business practices illegal and protected the rights of labor unions and farm organizations
Federal Trade Commission
a federal agency established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices
Federal Reserve System
a national banking system established in 1913 that controls the U.S. money supply and the availability of credit in the country
Nineteenth Amendment
adopted in 1920; gave women the right to vote
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