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Psychopharmacology: Basic concepts

Terms in this set (37)

What is considered the emotional center of the brain?
Limbic system
How does a drug meant for situational use vary from one meant as maintenance?
Situational: Mild to strong effect, fast onset, dose just before trigger
Maintenance: Mild to moderate effect, weeks for onset, constant daily dose, safe for long term use
What is glutamate?
Major excitatory neurotrans in CNS
What is GABA?
Major inhibitory neurotrans in brain
What drugs have an effect on Glutamate? (3)
-Telazol
-Ketamine
-Amantadine
What drugs have an effect on GABA? (3)
-Benzodiazepines
-Gabapentin
-(maybe) Trazodone
What is MOA of Benzodiazepines?
-Increase opening of GABA receptors >> More inhibition of action potentials throughout body >> Anxiolysis, relax mm, anticonvulsant
What are side effects of benzos when given as behavioral modification drugs? (3)
-Paradoxical excitement
-Feline idiopathic hepatic necrosis if ORAL
-Over-sedation, Ataxia
What behavioral modification drugs affect Serotonin? (4)
-SSRIs
-TCAs
-Trazodone (SARI)
-Selegiline (MAO-I)
What behavioral modification drugs affect NE? (5)
-Dexmedetomidine, Clonidine
-Beta blockers
-Selegiline
-(somewhat) SSRI, TCA
What behavioral modification drugs affect Dopamine? (4)
-Acepromazine
-Selegiline
-(somewhat) SSRI, TCA
What is the action of serotonin (5HT)? (3)
Modulate mood, sleep, impulsive aggression
How is serotonin inactivated? (2)
-SERT (reuptake transporter)
-MAO
How is Dopamine inactivated? (2)
-DAT (dopamine transporter)
-MAO
What is the effect of NE? (3)
Stimulates CNS, arousing, affects mood
What is NE inactivated by? (2)
-NET (NE transporter)
-MAO
What is MOA of SSRIs?
Prevent reuptake of serotonin so more in synaptic cleft >> Desensitization and downregulation of autoreceptors >> No negative feedback means more serotonin released into cleft
What does SSRI stand for? What is the effect of SSRIs (3)?
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
-Anti-anxiety
-Anti-aggression
-Anti-compulsive
What type of drug is Fluoxetine (Prozac)?
SSRI
What type of drug is Sertraline (Zoloft)?
SSRI
What are signs of Serotonin syndrome? (7)
-Neuro: Mentation change, Ataxia, Seizures
-GI: Diarrhea
-Resp distress
-Tachycardia
-Fever
What does Buspirone (Buspar) do and how?
-Partial serotonin agonist >> Mild anxiety relief
Which drug is FDA approved for canine separation anxiety?
Clomicalm (Clomipramine)
What does TCA stand for? What effects do TCAs have (3)?
-TriCyclic Antidepressant
-Anti-anxiety, Anti-aggressive, Anti-compulsive
What drug can be used almost interchangeably with SSRIs due to its selectivity for serotonin receptors?
Clomipramine (a TCA)
What drug is often first choice for OCD and ritualistic behaviors?
Clomipramine (a TCA)
What are side effects of TCAs (3)?
Rare in animals
-Functional hypothyroidism
-Serotonin syndrome
-Sedation
What does Selegiline (Anipryl) do?
Increases effects of Dopamine >> Sympathetic effect like amphetamine (makes feel brighter)
Which drug is FDA approved for Canine Cognitive Dysfunction?
Selegiline (Anipryl)
What are the effects of Trazodone? (2)
Sedative
Anti-anxiety
What is Sileo?
Orotransmucosal dexmedetomidine
What drug is FDA approved for noise phobia?
Sileo
What is the effect of Sileo? What are unwanted effects (2)?
-Wanted: Anxiolytic
-Unwanted: Bradycardia, Hypotension
What is the effect of Clonidine?
Anxiolytic
What are the effects of Gabapentin (Neurotonin) and Pregabalin (Lyrica)? (2)
Anxiolytic
Neuropathic pain relief
What is the MOA of Antipsychotics?
Block dopamine >> Blunt reactions (NOT anxiolytic)
What drug might you use as an antipsychotic, pre-anesthetic, tranquilizer, and/or antiemetic, but NOT as an anxiolytic?
Acepromazine
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