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Psych 2 lecture 8 midterm 2

Terms in this set (42)

Examines the biological, physical, and behavioral changes that occur as we age
Developmental Psychology
What are the 3 themes of developmental psychology?
- Nature vs nurture
- continuity vs discontinuity
- Stability vs change
What theme of developmental psychology answers these questions?
- to what extent is our development the product of heredity and environment?
Nature vs Nurture
What theme of developmental psychology answers these questions?
- continuous and gradual?
- progresses through qualitatively distinct stages?
Continuity vs discontinuity
What theme of developmental psychology answers these questions?
- do our characteristics remain consistent as we age?
- are we different at different ages?
Stability vs change
What is the bonus/4th theme of developmental psychology?
-Critical vs sensitive periods
Certain experiences must occur for development to proceed normally
Critical period
An optimal range for certain experiences
Sensitive period
Whats the difference between critical periods and sensitive periods?
- critical periods MUST happen at/by a certain time
- sensitive periods are just optimal times
Research method in which you compare people of different ages (cohorts) at the same point in time
Cross-sectional design
Research method in which you repeatedly test the same cohort as it grows older
Longitudinal design
A research method that uses a combination of both cross-sectional design and longitudinal design
Sequential design
The first 2 weeks after conception
Germinal stage
Stage in which
- zygote
- repeated call division
- attaches to mother's uterus
Germinal stage
Weeks 2-8 after conception
Embryonic stage
Stage in which:
- placenta
- bodily organs and systems begin to form
Embryonic stage
Fertilized egg
Zygote
Contains membranes that allow nutrients to pass from the mother to the umbilical cord
Placenta
Week 9 to birth
Fetal stage
Stage in which:
- muscles strengthen; bodily systems develop
- age of viability (24 weeks)
Fetal stage
What are the 3 stages of prenatal development?
- germinal stage
- embryonic stage
- fetal stage
external agents that cause abnormal prenatal development
Teratogens
What are some teratogens?
- rubella
- STDs
- Drugs
- Alcohol
- Nicotine
- environmental toxins
The genetically programmed biological process that governs our growth
Maturation
Head-to-foot development
Cephalocaudal principle
Innermost parts towards outermost parts development
Proximodistal principle
What are the 2 types of development for infants?
- cephalocaudal principle
- proximodistal principle
How does infant vision develop?
- starts with not being able to see details
- by the end of their first year, they can see clearly
Infants prefer complex patterns to simple patterns and solid colors
Preferential looking paradigm
Who created the stage model, which states that children's thinking changes qualitatively with age?
Piaget
Organized patterns of thoughts and action
Schemas
Who studied the idea of schemas?
Piaget
New experiences are incorporated into existing schemas
Assimilation
New experiences cause existing schemas to change
Accommodation
An imbalance between existing schemas and new experiences
Disequilibrium
Who believed that the two ways in which we acquire new information is by assimilation and accommodation?
Piaget
Stage in which:
- infants understand their world through sensory experiences and physical interactions
- object permanence not established
Sensorimotor stage
Birth-2 years
Sensorimotor stage
An object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen
Object permanence
2-7 years
Preoperational stage
Stage in which:
- the world is represented symbolically through words and mental images
- rapid language development
- understanding of past and future
Preoperational stage
Stage in which children cannot understand the principle of conservation, cannot mentally undo actions, and have difficulty viewing the world from someone else's perspective
Preoperational stage
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