DP Biology Vocabulary - D.2 Digestion

Nervous system
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Terms in this set (21)
Nervous system
the source of electrical signals which control the secretion of digestive juices
Endocrine system
the source of chemical signals which control the secretion of digestive juices
Vagus nerve
electrical signals travel through this from the medulla to the stomach wall
Gastrin
hormone which stimulates secretion of acid and pepsinogen
Secretin
hormone which inhibits gastrin secretion
Exocrine glands
glands which secrete digestive juices
Extensive endoplasmic reticulum
in exocrine gland cells to synthesise large quantities of enzymes
Ileum
the site of a significant amount of the absorption in the small intestine
Villi
the many folds on the inner surface of the ileum
Absorption
the process of taking substances into cells and the blood
Microvilliextensions found on the cell surface membrane of villiParietal cellsthe cells of the stomach which secrete acidChief cellsthe cells of the stomach which secrete pepsinogenPepsinogenthe inactive form of pepsin - this prevents the cells that produce it from being digested at the same time as protein in the dietPepsina protease which is found in the stomach - it is secreted in an inactive formHelicobacter pyloria bacterium which is a significant cause of stomach ulcers, and seems to be associated with stomach cancerProton pump inhibitorsdrugs which bind irreversibly to proton pumps, thereby reducing the acidic environment of the stomachEgestionthe fate of food material which cannot be digested and absorbedFibreedible parts of plants that are resistant to being digested and are not absorbedConstipationa condition in which the movement of fecal matter is painful or difficult to pass out of the digestive systemCholeraa disease caused by a bacterium where severe dehydration can result in death