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Chapter 21 Vocabulary

Terms in this set (48)

American Exceptionalism
The idea that the American experience was different or unique from others, and therefore America had a unique or special role in the world
"Remember the Maine"
The Cry that resulted from the sinking of the battleship Mained yellow press just furied them even more. they lept to the inaccurate conclusion that the Spanish govt had been guilty of intolerable treachery.
Teller Amendment
Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war
Insular Cases
Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens.
Platt Amedment
Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble
Open door Policy
Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade.
Root-Takahira Agreement
the 1905 agreement with Japan in which we pledged to respect each other's territorial possessions and to uphold the Open Door policy in China
Panama Canal
The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.
Roosevelt Corollary
addendum to the Monroe Doctrine, asserted right of the US to intervene and stabilize economic affairs in Central America if they could not pay off their international debts
Zimmerman Telegram
Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile
War Industries Board
Created in July 1917, the War Industries Board controlled raw materials, production, prices, and labor relations It was intended to restore economic order and to make sure the United States was producing enough at home and abroad.
National War Labors Board
The board was a composition of representatives from business and labor designed to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers. It settled any possible labor difficulties that might hamper the war efforts.
Committee on Public Information
was a propaganda committee that built support for the war effort in Europe among Americans. It depicted Germans and other enemies on bad terms, and served to censor the press. The committee helped spur up the anti-German feeling in America as well as motivated Americans to support war against Germany once declared.
4-minute men
men who gave the patriotic "pep" talks, usually longer than 4 minutes, idea was come up with by George Creel
Sedation Act of 1918
Added to Espionage Act, this act deemed "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces as criminal and worthy of prosecution-- the reason why Eugene V. Debs was imprisoned.
Great Migration
movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
National Women's Party
Headed by Alice Paul, campaigned for the Equal Rights amendment but it got little support from congress and other feminist groups
Fourteen Points
Wilson's peace plan designed to end the war without much discontent from all countries. It helped create the League of Nations, as well as inspired the allies, demoralized the enemy, and gave promises out to dissatisfied minorities.
League of Nations
In 1919, after the war, Wilson proposed it in the 14th point of his peace plan. He envisioned it as an Assembly with seats for all nations and a special council for the great powers. The US voted not to join the League because in doing so, it would have taken away our self-determination, and Congress could not decide whether to go to war or not.
Treaty of Versailles
was created to solve problems made by World War I. Germany was forced to accept the treaty. It was composed of only four of the original points made by President Woodrow Wilson. The treaty punished Germany and did nothing to stop the threat of future wars. It maintained the pre-war power structure.
William Mckinley
This Republican candidate defeated William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 presidential election. As a supporter of big business, he pushed for high protective tariffs. Under his leadership, the U.S. became an imperial world power. He was assassinated by an anarchist in 1901.
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War
Alfred Mahan
United States naval officer and historian (1840-1914), a United States Navy officer, geostrategist, and educator. His ideas on the importance of sea power influenced navies around the world, and helped prompt naval buildups before World War I. Several ships were named USS Mahan, including the lead vessel of a class of destroyers. His research into naval History led to his most important work, The Influence of Seapower Upon History,1660-1783, published in 1890
Queen Lilioukalani
ascended the Hawaiian throne in 1891; disliked the influence that American settlers had gained in Hawaii; unsuccessfully attempted to impose a new constitution that would have reassured her authority as ruler of the Hawaiian people
Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901
Porfrio Diaz
Military dictator of Mexico who led a corrupt government and was overthrown by revolutionaries in 1911.
Woodrow Wilson
President with little experience in foreign affairs who nonetheless believed in America's divine duty to advance moral and democratic progress around the world.
Herbert Hoover
He was the head of the Food Administration who also led a charity drive to feed Belgians. He ensured the success of the Food Administration and created a surplus of food through volunteer actions.
Alice Paul
leader of the National Woman's Party and the Congressional Union, campaigned for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution and led protests
William Howard Taft
Successor of Roosevelt; Different views than Teddy; part of political corruption; Passed Sixteenth Amendment
Imperialism
policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, religiously and/or economically.
Guerrilla Warfare
a hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes
Spheres of Influence
In international affairs, the territory where a powerful state exercises the dominant control over weaker states or territories
Great White Fleet
A group of 16 gleaming white ships on a cruise around the world to display the nation's naval power.
Russo Japanese War
Russia and Japan were fighting over Korea, Manchuria, etc. Began in 1904, but neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where T.Roosevelt mediated Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. TR won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so.
Yellow Peril
A supposed threat to the US posed by Japan and China. Fear of asian immigration and Japan's rising military power.
Spanish-American War
In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence.This war lasted 113 days, and advertised the fact that the US was a major world power. It was successful, low in casualties, and significantly boosted American morale. Despite bungling, the Americans enjoyed uninterrupted success, which predisposed them for further unpreparedness in other conflicts.
Rough Riders
volunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War
Nationalist movement in the Philippines
Political ideology that stresses people's membership in a nation-a community defined by a common culture and history as well as by territory. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, nationalism was a force for unity in western Europe.
Dollar Diplomacy
Foriegn Policy idea by Taft to make countries dependant on the U.S. by heavily investing in their economies
Big Stick Diplomacy
The policy held by Teddy Roosevelt in foreign affairs. The "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them.
19th Amendment
gave women suffrage in 1920. Women were guaranteed the right to vote after a century of conflicts.
Self-determination
The idea that all people can have independence and make up their own government. This was one of Wilson's fourteen points.
Isolationism
In American diplomacy, the traditional belief that the United States should refrain from involvement in overseas politics, alliances, or wars, and confine its national security interst to its own borders.
Suppression
the conscious intentional exclusion from consciousness of a thought or feeling
Humanitarian
fought for human rights in Africa, Panama Canal returned to Panama, relations with China resolved
American Expeditionary Forces
American force of 14,500 that landed in France in June 1917 under the command of General John Pershing. Both women and blacks served during the war, mostly under white officers
Allies
The Allied Powers consisted of France, Russia, and Great Britain during WWI. The alliance was created in 1907 and was called the Triple Entente.
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