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Sex, Gender, Masculinity, and Femininity Test

Terms in this set (36)

Sex
the biological distinctions such as chromosomal, hormonal, or physical differences between males and females, women have two X chromosomes and men have an X and a Y
Gender
the social statuses and roles that people are socialized into based on cultural concepts about sexes; is a social construct
Gender Stereotypes
preconceived ideas about how women and men differ in their personality traits, behavioral skills, and predispositions

can be influenced by: economics, politics, sports religion, etc
Gender expression
A person's outward gender presentation, comprises of: style, clothing, hairstyle, makeup, jewelry, vocal inflection etc. can be characterized as, masculine, feminine, androgynous. can match up with a person's gender identity or not.
Gender stratification
the differences in social power and honor that may exist between men and women
Gender Identity
a person's internal sense of who they are as a gendered being; the gender they identify with
Agender
a person who does not identify as having a gender identity that can be characterized as male or female or who identifies as not having a gender identity.
Androgynous
a combo of masculine and feminine traits or a non-traditional gender expression
Gender Binary
the idea that gender is strictly male/man/masculine OR female/woman/feminine based on sex assigned at birth, no inbetween
Gender conforming
a person whose gender expression is consistent with the cultural norms expected for that gender. not all cisgender people are gender conforming and not all transgender people are gender nonconforming.
Gender non-conforming
a person whose gender expression is perceived as being inconsistent with cultural norms expected to that gender

not all transgender people are gender nonconforming, and not all gender-nonconforming people identify as transgender. Cisgender people may also be gender nonconforming

often inaccurately confused with sexual orientation
Genderqueer
someone whose gender identity is neither man nor woman; is between or beyond genders or is some combo of genders.
Gender marker
the designation (male, female, or another) that appears on a person's personal records (drivers license, birth certificate)
Gender Fluid
someone whose gender identity or expression shifts between man/masculine and woman/feminine or falls somewhere along this spectrum.
Nonbinary
a spectrum of gender identities and expressions, often based on the rejection of the gender binary's assumption that gender is strictly an either-or option of male/female
(sex assigned at birth)
Cisgender
a person whose gender identity matches the biological sex they were assigned at birth.
Gender dysphoria
the medical diagnosis for being transgender (defined by the American Psychiatric Association) conveys being transgender as a mental illness rather than a valid identity

a formal diagnosis is generally required in order to receive or provide treatment in the US
Transgender
used to describe a person who's gender identity does not match the biological sex they were assigned at birth, it can refer to a range of identities
transexual
older term used to refer to a transgender person who has had hormonal or surgical interventions to change their body to be more alined with their gender identity then with the sex that they were assigned at birth.

transgender = more commonly heard then transsexual
Intersex
a category describing a person with a disorder to sexual development, a reproductive, genetic, genital, or hormonal configuration that results in a body that often can't be easily categories as male or female.

sometimes confused with transgender but the two are completely different.
Feminism
the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes
LGBTQ
An acronym used to refer to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and/or questioning individuals and communities
Pronouns
Affirming pronouns are the most respectful and accurate pronouns for a person as defined by that person.

Ex: she, he, they, and newly created nongendered pronouns include zie, per
Puberty suppression
a medical process that pauses the hormonal changes that activate puberty in young adolescents. The result is a purposeful delay of the development of secondary sexual characteristics Ex: breast growth, testicular enlargement, facial hair, body fat redistribution, voice changing

suppression allows more time to make decisions about hormonal interventions and can prevent the increase dysphoria.
Queer
an umbrella term for a range of people who are not heterosexual and/ or cisgender.

Historically used as a slur
Sexual orientation
a person's feelings of attraction toward other people. A person may be attracted to people of the same sex, of the opposite sex, of both sexes, or without reference to sex or gender

sexual orientation is about attraction to other people (external) while gender identity is a deep-seated sense if self (internal)
Heterosexual
sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex
What is the experience of the transgender community in the USA
transgender people, particularly transgender women of color experience more hate violence: 55% of lgbtq homicide victims were trans, and 50% of that were trans women of color.
experience unemployment at 2X rate of normal population
evicted/ lost jobs because of their gender identity. also children who identify as transgender and the controversy between which bathroom to use.
What are current examples of gender inequality? How is it different for women of color?
In general, women make 77 cents to every 1 dollar a man makes, but African-American women earn 64 cents for each dollar in 2008

there was a 18% earnings gap between men and women

Women are 11 times more likely to be killed by a gun in the US than other countries
What is the reason for intersectionality in feminism? What groups have historically been ignored and why?
intersecting different needs depending on race and cultural beliefs.. latinos, blacks -- ignored
women of color have been historically ignored because white women's issues were seen as the priority
How do current events connect to issues of gender, sexuality, and feminism?
current events connect to issues of gender, sexuality, and feminism by taking the information that we learn in class and realizing how these issues are so apparent throughout our country, and other countries in the world, for example:

women's march
my current event
girls less likely to think really really smart
transgender texan mayor
etc.
What does it mean to "be a man"?
- to show reject all feminine qualities: to ignore all feelings/emotions
-to treat women as objects/ something that you can play around with - "need to get/win"
-stereotypically: to be a good athlete, "getting all the girls", not caring about education, being very aggressive and impulsive
According to the film, The Mask You Live in, what are the relevant and shocking issues surrounding masculinity? What are the causes behind these issues?
That men have to act in certain ways
i. That they have to be strong and not hide their feelings
b. Their emotions are being held in because everyone around them will not let them show how they feel and they do not feel comfortable—can lead to suicide
c. Different coping mechanism compared to women and girls—they act in anger and they shut down their emotions (stay away from the people who they love)
d. Men and boys are more likely to drop out of school—causes for failure
Why does society need to reimagine masculinity?
need to adjust the demands on men
reimagine what men should be expected to do in a changing world men should do whatever it takes to contribute at work, and at home-- men can be dads and breadwinners

one reason: the majority of growing jobs attract more women then men, so it has to be more acceptable for men to work in these jobs too.
According to the article, The Gay Divide, the gay divide is one of the world's widest - be familiar with this.
gay sex is legal in 113 countries, but still illegal in 78 countries, in 5 is punishable by death

The Gay Divide is about... how gay people are treated [globally]
i. how gays do not get as much freedom in some countries compared to others
ii. in the 1950's—gay sex was banned and illegal
iii. now—gay marriage and sex are legal in almost all countries
1. but there are still places where there are harsh punishments such as, prison, beating, or even death—if someone is openly gay or desires to be homosexual—it isn't safe in some places
iv. depending on how religious a place is [if there is somewhere that is more religious]—they are more likely to be against gays
v. if people see more gays—then they will be seen as more normal
vi. all gays want is to be happy and marry who they love= like everyone else
How does the media reinforce gender norms and gender stereotypes?
they portray men and women in stereotypical ways:

men: strong, businessmen, violent, womanizers
women: delicate, stay at home moms/wives, submissive
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