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blood part 1

Terms in this set (67)

the cardiovascular system consist of
a pump (heart)
a conducting system (blood vessels)
a fluid medium (blood)
blood
transports materials to and from cells materials include:
O2 and carbon dioxide, nutrients (glucose amino acids, fatty acids, etc.), hormones (ACTH, TH, GH, etc.), immune system components (antibodies, etc.), waste products (nitrogenous waste)
functions of blood
transportation of dissolved substances
regulation of pH and ions
restriction of fluid losses at injury site
defense against toxins and pathogens
stabilization of body temperature
blood composed of
plasma: contains water, plasma proteins, other solutes
and formed elements
formed elements
red blood cells or erythrocytes (transport oxygen)
white blood cells or leukocytes (part of the immune system)
platelets (clotting)
hemopoiesis
process of producing formed elements
formed elements from myeloid and lymphoid stem cells
fractionation
process of separating whole blood for clinical analysis
a thin buffy coat composed of platelets and WBC found between RBC pellet and plasma fluid above
general characteristics
38 degrees is normal temp
high viscosity - 5 times more viscous than water (caused by dissolved proteins)
slightly alkaline pH 7.35-7.45
blood volume (liters)
7 % of body weight (kilograms)
adult male: 5-6 liters
adult female: 4-5 liters
loss of 10% in volume causes decrease in blood pressure
plasma composition
60% of blood volume
more than 90% of plasma is water
extracellular fluids
interstitial fluid (IF) and plasma
materials in plasma and IF exchange across capillary walls (water, ions, small solutes)
plasma proteins found in blood
albumins - 60%
globulins - 35 %
fibrinogen - 4 %
albumins
transport substances such as fatty acids, thyroid hormones, and steroid hormones
globulins
antibodies, also called immunoglobulins
transport globulins: hormone-binding proteins, metalloproteins, apolipoproteins (lipopreoteins), and steroid-binding proteins
fibrinogen
molecules that form clots and produce long, insoluble strands of fibrin
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