Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Lab 5 Human Anatomy UVU

Terms in this set (20)

articular cartilage
the hyaline cartilage that covers those load bearing surfaces of bones that are involved in synovial joints. Some hyaline cartilage is not involved in joints (costal cartilage), some is not involved in syonvial joints (epiphyseal cartilage), and cartilaginous structures found in some synovial joints are ot composed of hyaline cartilage ( articular discs and menisci).
endosteum
the connective tissue proper lining the medullary cavity of a bone. It is similar to but thinner than periosteum.
flat bones
those bones that are generally flattened in one dimension (sternum, ribs, scapulae, clavicles ossa coxae, and many bones in the skull.)
hydroxyapatite
the principal inorganic component of bone tissue. Hydroxyapatite is a complex calcium phosphate salt that has the chemical formula Ca10 (PO4)6 ( OH)2 and it is the primary mineral in the enamel, cementum, and denti of the teeth.
Irregular bones
the vertebrae and several bones of the head that have jutting processes. Exact numbers of irregular bones and flat bones are typically not stated because some bones have parts that are flat and other portions that are irregular (for example, temporal and occipital bones).
long bones
those bones designated as such by convention. The 88 long bones are found in the free parts of each superior limb( humerus, radius, ulna, fiver metacarpal bones, and fourteen, phalanges) and each inferior limb ( femur bone, tibia, fibular, five metatarsal bones, and fourteen phalanges).
medullary cavity
the space within a boe that contains bone marrow tissue, adipose tissue, and blood. The connective tissue proper that lines the medullary cavity ( thinner but similar to periosteum) is called endosteum.
nutrient canal
a neurovascular passageway through the cortex of a bone. Its external opening is called a nutrient foramen.
osseous canaliculi
microscopic channels, which extend between adjacent osseous lacunae. Cytoplasmic processes from osteocytes extend through these channels from adjacent lacunae to allow nutrient waste exchange betwee nosteocytes.
osseous lacunae
the tiny spaces within bone tissue that contain osteocytes. osteocytes in neighboring lacunae communicate physically and metabolically by extending cytoplasmic processes through tiny passageways called osseous canaliculi.
osseous lamella
al ayer of mineralized osteoid. those parallel and adjacent to the periosteum and endosteum are called external and internal cirumferential lamellae. those in the intervening compact bone are called concentric osteonal and interstitial lamellae
osteoblast
a bone tissue forming cell. osteoblasts secrete the organics part of the extracellular matrix of bone tissue ad become osteocytes when they become trapped therein.
osteoclast
a multinucleated bone cell involved in in boe tissue absorption. osteoclasts dissolve the mineral with acidic secretions and hydrolyze the osteoid enzymatically.
osteocyte
a bone cell within an osseous lacunae. osteoblasts become osteocytes when they become entrapped in the osteoid that they secrete.
osteoid
the noncellular organic portion of bone tissue it is manufactured by osteoblasts and consists of collagenous fibers embedded in a protein poly saccharide ground substance.
osteology
the study of bone tissue and of bones. bones are organs that contain most of the various connective tissues as well as smooth muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and simple squamous epithelium.
periosteum
the dense irregular connective tissue proper that forms the outer encasement of bones. periosteum covers all of the external surfaces except for articular surfaces, attachments of tendons ligaments, retinacula, joint copsules, and prots of entry for neres and vessles ( nutrient foramina.)
sesamoid bones
seed like bones that are embedded in a few tendons and serve as beari surface sof them. the patellae are the largest sesamoid bones and two smaller ones are typically found at the base of each thumb and big toe.
short bones
the carpal and tarsal bones. there are thirty short bones total eight in each wrist and seve in each ankle , some shor bones are physically longer than some of the long bones
bone tissue
is one of the specialized connective tissues, it consists of cells and an extracellular matrix composed of collagenous fibers, amorphous ground substance and mineral
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...