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Ancient Rome

Terms in this set (62)

how did geography affect the development of Rome? (RR)
unification, protection, water highway: Africa, Mid East, Asia (trade links) had a strategic location and fertile soil, built at the center of the Italian peninsula near the midpoint of the Mediterranean sea
how did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? (RR)
the Etruscans had a system of writing and the Romans adopted their alphabet, as well as their architecture (arch)
which were the main groups that competed for power in the early Roman republic? (RR)
the patricians and the plebeians; patricians were aristocratic landowners who held most power, plebeians were common farmers, artisans and merchants
what is the significance of the twelve tables in Roman law? (RR)
the twelve tables established the idea that all free citizens, patricians and plebeians had the right to protection of the law
what were the causes of the first Punic War? (RR)
Rome was spreading its power and competing with the dominant city, Carthage; they fought for control of Sicily and the Mediterranean and won, taking Sicily as the prize of victory, the Romans controlled the Italian peninsula
what tactic did Scipio used to defeat Hannibal in the Second Punic War? (RR)
Scipio devised a plan to attack Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return and defend his native city, the Romans finally defeated Hannibal in 202 BC
what was the significance of the Punic Wars for Rome? (RR)
Rome's victories gave it domination over the western Mediterranean, they went on to conquer the Eastern half, taking control of Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Anatolia; the Roman empire stretched from Anatolia to the East and Spain to the West
Senate (RR)
the aristocratic branch of Rome's government, had both legislative and administrative functions, 300 members chosen from the upper class of Roman society, membership for life provided continuity, enormous influence over foreign and domestic policy
tribunes (RR)
the Senate allowed plebeians to form their own assembly and elect representatives called tribunes; tribunes protected the rights of them from unfair acts of patrician officials, eventually, pressure on the patricians gave them even more political power
consuls (RR)
in place of a king, Rome had two officials called consuls who commanded the army and directed the government; their power was limited; a consul's terms was only one year long, a person could not be elected consul again for 10 years, one consul could overrule or veto the other's decisions
dictator (RR)
in times of crisis, the republic could appoint a dictator, a leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army; power lasted for 6 months, dictators chosen by the courts and elected by the Senate
what caused the collapse of the Roman Republic?
the Punic wars and Rome's increasing wealth and expanding empire brought many problems; the most serious was the widening gap between rich and poor; rich landowners lived on huge estates called latifunda, slaves (1/3 of pop) worked on them, small farmers couldn't compete, became homeless/jobless, class tensions
the Roman Empire + economy
agriculture was the most important industry, common coinage; denarius, vast trading network, network of roads; military purposes and trade (Silk Roads)
the Roman Empire + form of government
orderly transfer of power was depended on, didn't happen; no written code for power shift; emperor chose a respected leader who had the respect of the army and the people to be the next emperor
the Roman Empire + values
honored strength more than beauty, power more than grace, usefulness more than elegance; family, father ruled household, discipline, loyalty, strength = gravitus
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