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Muscular system ch. 6 p. 187-193

Terms in this set (25)

Graded responses
Different degrees of shortening
Muscle twitches
(Single, brief, jerky contractions) sometimes occur as a result of certain nervous system problems
When the muscle is stimulated so rapidly that no evidence of relaxation is seen and the contractions are completely smooth and sustained
Fused or complete, tetanus
Until fused or complete, tetanus is reached muscle is said Gibbs exhibiting
Infused or incomplete, tetanus
Creatine phosphate
The unique high energy molecule that is found in muscle fibers but not other cell types
Aerobic respiration
Some 95 % of ATP is used for muscle activity. It occurs in the mitochondria and involves series of metabolic pathways that use oxygen
Glycolysis
The initial steps of glucose breakdown occurred via pathway. Which does not use oxygen
Lactic acid
Pyruvic acid generated during glycolysis is converted to
Anaerobic glycolysis
Produces only about 5 % as much ATP from each glucose molecule as aerobic respiration
Muscle fatige
When a muscle is unable to contract even though it is still being stimulated
Oxygen debt
Muscle fatigue results in this. It occurs during prolonged muscle activity
Isotonic contractions
"Same tone" the myofilaments are successful in their sliding movements, the muscle shortens, and movement occurs
Muscle tone
Is the result of different motor units, which are scattered through muscle, being stimulated by the nervous system in a systematic way
Aerobic or endurance
Types of exercises such as participating in an aerobics class, jogging, flexible muscles with great resistance to fatigue
Resistance or isometric, exercise
In which the muscles are pitted against some immovable object
Origin
Is attached to immovable or less moveable bone
Insertion
Is attached to the movable bone, and when the muscle contracts, the insertion moves towards the origin
Prime mover
Muscle that has major responsibility for causing a particular movemenet
Antagonist
Muscle that oppose or reverse movement
Synergists
Help prime movers by producing the same movement or reducing undescribed movements
Fixators
They hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover so all tension can be used to move the insertion bone
2 striated tissues
Skeletal and cardiac
ACh
Stimulated skeletal muscles
Creatine phosphate
Found in muscle fibers only
Muscle fatigue results frm
Oxygen debt
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