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cells and heredity

Terms in this set (47)

is the smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms
cell
is any living
organism
cells are small because their size is limited by their ____ ___ area
outer surface
what is the cell theory
all organisms are made up of one or more cells
the cell is the basic unit for all organisms
all cells come from existing cells
this person sees tiny box-like spaces using a microscope to observe a cork and called them spaces cells
robert hooke
which person was the first to describe actual living cells when he looked at a drop of pond water under a microscope
anton van leeuwenhoek
this person concluded that plants are made up of cells
matthias schleiden
this person determined that all animal cells tissues are made up of cells and concluded that all organisms are made up of one or more cells
and that cells are the basic unit
theodor schwann
organisms that are made up of just one cell area called
-must carry out all of the functions for life
organisms that are made up of more than one cell are called
-cells of ___ ___ often have specialized functions
unicellular organisms
multicellular organisms
this person cells could form only from the divison of other cells
rudolf virchow
what parts do all cells have in common
cell membrane
cytoplasm
organelles
DNA
is a protective layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's enviroment
-controls water and oxygen that move in and out of cell
cell membrane
the region enclosed by the cell membrane that includes the fluid and all of the organeles
cytoplasm
is a small body in a cell's cytoplasm that is specialized to preform a specific function
-cells can have one or more and most, but not all, have a membrane
organelle
-is a genetic material that provides instructions for all cell processes
-the DNA is contained in a membrane bound organelle
DNA
nucleus
what are two types of cells
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
is a single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane- bound organelles
-DNA contained in cytoplasm
-ribosomes that dont have membrane
-flagella that helps them move
-includes bacteria and archaea
prokaryote
is an organism made up of cells that contain their DNA in a nucleus
-almost all multicellular
-includes plants, amimals, protists, and fungi
eukaryote
what are atoms and molecules?
atoms building blocks of matter
molecules are made up of two or more atoms
the matter that you encounter every day, both living and nonliving, is made up of basic particles
atom
is a group of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds
molecule
a substance made up of atoms of two or more elements joined by chemical bonds
compound
what are some important types of molecules in cells
lipids
proteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
is a fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties
- they store energy
lipid
is a molecule made up of smaller molecules called amino acids
-used to build and repair body structures and regulate body processes
-enzymes help chemical processes in the cell
protein
molecules that include sugars, starches, and fiber
-use for a source of energy and energy storage
carbohydrate
is a molecule that carries information in cells
-DNA is a type of nuclei acid
nucleic acid
a lipid that contains phosphorus
-form much of the cells membrane
phospholipid
this makes of nearly two-thirds of the mass of the cell
-this moves through the cell membrane by a process called osmosis
water
eukaryote cells can differ from each other depending on their _____ and ____
structure and function
what are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells
parts that protect ad support the cell
genetic material in nucleus
throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
-network of protein filliments that gives shape and support to the cell
- involved in cell divison and movement
cytoskeleton
what organelles are found in plant and animal cells
mitochondria
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi complex
cells get energy by breaking down food using process called
cellular respiration
cellular respiration occurs in an organelle
mitochondrion
is the organelle that makes proteins by putting together chains of amino acids using in struction encoded in the cell's DNA
ribosome
proteins control most chemical reactions of cells and provide structural support for cells and tissues. making packaging and transporting proteins require many of these
ribsomes
in the cytoplasm is a system of membranes near the nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
the membrane- bound organelle that packages and distributes materials such as proteins
golgi complex
ER assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
-____ ER has ribosomes which makes many of the cells proteins.
-______ ER makes lipids and breaks down toxic materials that could damage the cell
rough
smooth
lipids and proteins from the ER are delivered to the golgi complex and modified to do different jobs
...
what are additional parts that are found in plant cells
cells wall
large central vacuole
chloroplast
the ___ ____ is a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane
-they provide support and protection
cell wall
is a fluid-filled vesicle found in he cells of most animals, plants, and fungi
-plants have these that store water
vacuole
where photosynthesis occurs
chloroplast
what additional part is found in animal cells
lysosmes
contain dygestive enzymes, which break down worn-out or damaged organelles, waste materials, and foreign in vaders in cells
-attached to vacole
lysosmes
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