Romeo and Juliet Final Test

1) Do we know much about Shakespeare's life?
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1) Do we know much about Shakespeare's life?
No, much of it is a mystery.
2) What was going on in England during Shakespeare's life?
Exploration and conquest. England was an international power. There was a new pride in the nation. This time period is known as the "Renaissance" (rebirth)—
The world was just coming out of the Dark Ages 500 AD
1500.
3) Who was ruler of England at the time of Shakespeare's birth?
Queen Elizabeth. Thus, the age is known as the "Elizabethan Age."
4) When was Shakespeare born? Date?
April 26, 1564
5) Where was Shakespeare born?
Stratford-on-Avon.
6) When Shakespeare was born, did his family have money?
Yes, they were upper middle class. What did his father do? -His father was a glove and leather maker. Eventually his father became high baliff (sheriff) of Stratford.
7) What language did Shakespeare study in school?
--Latin.
8) What author did Shakespeare study in school that may have inspired him as an adult?
Ovid, a Greek author.
9) Did Shakespeare go to university? No. Why or why not?
His father's business did poorly, and the family didn't have the money.
10) What years are known as "the lost years"?Years of his teens and early 20's.11) Who did Shakespeare marry?Anne Hathaway12) How old was Shakespeare when he married?18 years old13) How much older was she than he?8 years older14) Why did he marry her?She was pregnant15) How many children did he have?316) What were the children's names?Suzanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith.17) What year did Shakespeare leave Stratford to live and write in London?1580's.18) What kinds of writing did Shakespeare do?Historical, tragedic, and comic plays; sonnets and poems.19) What nobleman took an interest in Shakespeare, and about whom he wrote and dedicated several sonnets in 1593 and 1594?The Earl of South Hampton.20) Who is "the dark lady"?The woman described in one of Shakespeare's sonnets. She was a woman that the speaker in the poem resents and considers treacherous and duplicitous.21) Was Shakespeare popular and successful in his own time?Yes, very much so.22) How many plays did he produce in his 20 years in London?37.23) Why do critics believe that he had an unhappy marriage?He lived in London and his family lived in Stratford-on-Avon. There are not many happy marriages in his plays. One character in a play gives this advice: "Don't marry an older woman." In Shakespeare's Will, he left his wife his "second best bed."24) In the 1590's, what threatened London and constantly caused the theaters to close?The plague.25) How many people were dying per week at the plague's peak?Up to 1,000 per week.27) What happened on Aug. 11, 1596?His 11-year-old son, Hamnet, died.28) What did this mean?There would be no heir to inherit Shakespeare's fortune.29) Towards the end of the 1590's, what play did Shakespeare write?Hamlet.30) In 1599, where did Shakespeare rebuild his theater?(The original theater was called "The Black Friar." ) South across the river Thames to the area in London called Bankside.31) What was the theater named?The Globe.32) Why was language so important in the theater of Shakespeare?Because there was no scenery.33) Who played women's parts?Young boys and men.34) How did Shakespeare describe himself?He called himself a "poet."35) Were most of Shakespeare's play/stories original?No, most were based on history or on already written works of fiction.36) In 1603, who was crowned King?King James I.37) What title was Shakespeare awarded?The title of "Gentleman."Setting14th (1300's) in Verona, Italy and Mantua, ItalyShakespeare's Romeo and Juliet was producedbetween 1594-1596.His play was based onthe poem written by Arthur Brooke titled The Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Juliet published in 1562.Prologuethe introductory scene in a drama.Chorusone actor who serves as a narrator to the action in the play. Chorus comments on the theme or moral point that will be revealed in the play; it is a feature of all Greek dramasShakespearean plays lastedtwo hours.The Prologue is written asa SONNET (a poem of 14 lines written in iambic pentameter—i.p. is a metrical pattern of 5 "feet," or units, each of which is made of two syllables, the first unstressed and the second stressed.)Rosaline"She'll not be hit with Cupid's arrow."Benvolio (phil. Of love)"Examine other beauties."Juliet is two weeks fromher 14th birthday (so she is still 13) her birthdate is Aug. 1Paris (phil. Of love)"Younger than she are happy mothers made.""Earthtreading stars that make dark heaven light" - metaphor for the beautiful girls at the party; also the dark/light motif/personification."When wellappareled April on the heel/Of limping Winter treads" - personificationBenvolio's philosophy of love" . . . one fire burns out another's burning"Lady Capulet"Marry, that "marry" is the very theme/ I came to talk of." -punJuliet's philosophy of love"It is an honor that I dream not of."Lines that describe Paris". . .he's a man of wax"; "Verona's summer hath not such a flower."Lady CapuletPhilosophy of love: "By my count,/I was your mother much upon these years that you are now a maid."(lines 8695 p. 1052) give an extended metaphor comparing Paris to a book. - "And what obscured in this fair volume lies/Find written in the margent of his eyes. . ."Juliet (alliteration)I'll look to like, if looking liking move"Nurse philosophy of love"Go, girl, seek happy nights to happy days."Tues. 1/12Notes p. 1041-1044Tybalt isJuliet's cousin. "Fiery" likes to fight/foil to Benvolio.Alliterationrepetition of consonant soundsThere have been ____fights lately between the M's and C's3If there is any other fighting, the people involved willget the death penalty.Upperclass characters speakin rhymed iambic pentameter.Lowerclass characters speakin blank verse - (prose in iambic pentameter)"Aurora's bed"- classical allusion - reference to Greek or Roman mythologyMotif throughout the playLight & darkExtended metaphora metaphor (comparison of two unlike things without using "like" or "as") which goes on for several lines = "As in the bud bit with an envious worm/Ere he can spread his sweet leaves to the air/Or dedicate his beauty to the sun.""shrift"confession or truthOxymorontwo words, opposite in meaning, used together to create a new, unique meaning "O brawling love! O loving hate!/O anything, of nothing first create!/O heavy lightness! Serious vanity!/Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!"Romeo's love philosophy"Love is smoke raised with the fume of sighs;/Being purged, a fire sparkling in lovers' eyes;/ Being vexed, a sea nourished with lovers' tears."Romeo"Being but heavy, I will bear the light."RomeoPun "I am too sore enpierced with his shaft/ To soar with his light feathers, and so bound/I cannot bound a pitch above dull woe/ Under love's heavy burden do I sink."Mercutiothe "punster"Mercutio's philosophy of love"If love be rough with you, you be rough with love."Mercutio" . . . dreamers often lie." PunMercutio's speech is aboutQueen MabMercutio"I talk of dreams, / which are the children of an idle brain."Romeo's dream/premonition of danger/ill luck/ fate"I fear, to early, for my mind misgives/Some consequence, yet hanging in the stars,/ /Shall bitterly begin this fearful date . . ." (foreshadowing)SonnetAct I, Scene 5 (lines 91-104) *duet sonnet!Juliet(foreshadowing) "Go ask his name—If he be married,/ My grave is like to be my wedding bed."asidea short speech delivered by an actor in a play, expressing the character's thoughts. Traditionally, the aside is directed to the audience and is presumed to be inaudible to the other actorsPrologueSonnet"Now old desire doth in his deathbed lie,/And young affection gapes to be his heir"personification; alliterationRomeo: "Young Adam Cupid, he that shot so trim/When King Cophetua loved the beggar maid!"classical allusionRomeo: "But soft! What light through yonder window breaks?/It is the East, and Juliet is the sun"metaphorRomeo: "Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,/Who is already sick and pale with grief"personification/dark-light motifRomeo: "Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven"metaphor for Juliet's eyesJuliet: "O, Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?"translation: Why do you have to be "Romeo" (as in a Montague?)Romeo: "My death were better ended by their hate/than death prorogued, wanting of thy love."foreshadowingJuliet: "At lovers' perjuries,/They say Jove laughs."classical allusionJuliet: "And not impute this yielding to light love,/Which the dark night hath so discovered"light/dark motifJuliet: "My bounty is as boundless as the sea,/ My love as deep"simileWho is the first one to suggest marriage?JulietRomeo: "Love goes toward love as schoolboys from their books;/But love from love, towards school with heavy looks."simileJuliet: "Bondage is hoarse and my not speak aloud;/Else would I tear the cave where Echo lies"classical allusionJuliet: "Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow"alliteration and oxymoron (sweet sorrow)Friar Laurence's soliloquyFriar Laurence begins his speech by describing how night changes into day. He then speaks of the herbs he is collecting. The friar is particularly fascinated with the idea that in herbs as well as man, both good and evil can exist"The greyeyed morn smiles on the frowning night" - personification"Chequ'ring the Eastern clouds with streaks of light"metaphor"And flecked darkness like a drunkard reels"simile; alliteration; personification"From forth day's path and Titan's fiery wheels"classical allusionFriar Laurence calls Romeo"young waverer" because he keeps changing his mind on love (first Rosaline, then Juliet)Mercutio says Tybalt is"more than Prince of Cats" he is "a gentleman of the very first house" which means he has attended the very finest dueling school.Juliet will make up an excuseto go to "shrift" (confession), then she will meet Romeo to be marriedRomeo will climb to Juliet's room that nightby "a tackled stair" or "cords" which is a rope ladderTybalt"Prince of Cats" (Mercutio mocks Tybalt's name. Prince of Cats refers to a cat in a fable, named Tybalt, who was known for his slyness. )Romeo tells the nurseto have Juliet come to Friar Laurence's cell (room) this afternoon, using the excuse that she is going to shrift (confession)Juliet: "Love's heralds should be thoughts"(Love's messengers should be thoughts which could travel so much faster than waiting on the nurse!)Juliet: "Hie to high fortune!"(pun on "hie" and "high")Friar Laurence: "These violent delights have violent ends/And in their triumph die, like fire and powder,/Which, as they kiss, consume."(Simile: The Friar compares Romeo's passion to gunpowder and the fire that ignites it—both are destroyed--)Mercutio: "'tis not so deep as a well, not so wide as a church door, but 'tis enough, 'twill serve."SimileMercutio: "Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man."Pun and foreshadowing (Pun on the word grave, as in "grave" = serious and "grave" = tomb)Romeo: "This day's black fate on mo days doth depend;/This but begins the woe others must end."Light/dark motif and foreshadowingRomeo: "O, I am fortune's fool."Fate; personificationRomeo's punishment isbanishment to Mantua. If he returns to Verona, he will be executed.In the start of scene II, Juliet has anextended soliloquy"Gallop apace, you fieryfooted steeds./ Toward Phoebus' lodging! Such a wagoner/As Phaeton would whip you to the West"classical allusion"Come, civil night,/Thou sober suited matron, all in black"personification; light-dark motif"come, Romeo, come; thou day in night"motif"For thou wilt lie upon the wings of night/Whiter than new snow on a raven's back"motif"come, loving, blackbrowed night" - personification"Take him and cut him out in little stars,/And he will make the face of heaven so fine/That all the world will be in love with night/And pay no worship to the garish sun.""O, I have bought the mansion of a love,/But not possessed it; and though I am sold,/Not yet enjoyed."extended metaphor"And that bare vowel "I" shall poison more/Than the death darting eye of a cockatrice."Pun"O serpent hear, hid with a flow'ring face!/Did ever dragon keep so fair a cave?/Beautiful tyrant! Fiend angelical! Dove feathered raven! Wolvishravening lamb!" - Juliet using oxymorons referring to Romeo"Was ever book containing such vile matter/So fairly bound?"extended metaphor comparing Romeo to a book"Upon his brow shame is ashamed to sit"personificationJuliet sendsa ring for the nurse to give to RomeoRomeo and Juliet think "banishment" isa fate worse than death.Romeo: "This may flies do, when I from this must fly."pun3 reasons Friar gives Romeo that he should be thankful1) Juliet is alive; 2) He is alive (if he had not killed Tybalt, Tybalt would have killed him); 3) He has gotten the sentence of banishment and not executionCapulet sets wedding forParis and Juliet for Thurs. (today is Monday in the play).What day is it?(Saturday night was the party; Romeo and Juliet are married on Sunday and Mercutio and Tybalt are killed that afternoon; Sunday night is their wedding night; Act III, scene iv opens at dawn on Monday morning)Romeo: ". . . jocund day/Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops"personificationRomeo: "More light and light—more dark and dark our woes!"motifJuliet: "O God, I have an ill divining soul!"/Methinks I see thee now thou art below,/As one dead in the bottom of a tomb./Either my eyesight fails, or thou lookst pale."foreshadowingJuliet: "O Fortune, Fortune! All men call thee fickle,/If thou art fickle, what dost thou with him/That is renowned for faith?"personification, alliteration**Juliet's conversation with her mother on p. 1108 is an example ofdramatic and verbal ironyLady Capulet: "Shall give him such a dram/That he shall soon keep Tybalt company"foreshadowing (a dram is poison)Capulet uses an extended metaphor comparingJuliet's tears to a ship tossed in a tempest (storm: her tears are the ocean waters, her sighs are the wind, and her body is the 'bark' or ship)Lady Capulet: "I would the fool were married to her grave."foreshadowingCapulet :"My fingers itch"(He wants to hit Juliet)Juliet "Delay this marriage for a month, a week;/Or if you do not, make the bridal bed/In that dim monument where Tybalt lies."foreshadowingJuliet to Nurse "Well, thou has comforted me marvelous much."verbal ironyConversation between Juliet and Paris is an example ofVerbal and dramatic irony. (She is double-speaking)List of things Juliet says she would rather do than marry Paris1) leap off of a tower 2) walk with thieves 3) walk where snakes are, or be chained to a roaring bear 4) Sleep in a charnel house (foreshadowing) 5) Sleep in a new-made grave with a corpse (foreshadowing)Potion will make her sleep for42 hours.After Juliet wakesRomeo and Friar will come get her and she will go to Mantua with Romeo.Capulet is so relieved that Juliet has agreed to marry Paris thathe moves up the wedding day to WEDNESDAY (the next day!)"I'll have this knot knit up tomorrow morning."CapuletThings that Juliet is afraid of before taking the potion1) That it is poison. 2) That she will suffocate in the tomb. 3) That she will be locked in the tomb and will go insane after seeing the ghosts of her dead ancestors and smelling the odors of rotting corpses, and begin to play with the dead bodies of her ancestors. 4) That she will go insane and bash her brains out with a bone.Capulet: "Death lies on her like an untimely frost(simile)"Upon the sweetest flower of all the field."(metaphor)Capulet: "Flower as she was, deflowered by him."(pun)"Death is my son in-law; Death is my heir."(personification)Paris: "Most detestable Death,, by thee beguiled/By cruel, cruel thee quite overthrown!"(personification)Romeo: "Then I defy you, stars!"(He believes that he can defy what he believes to be his fate.)Romeo : (Tells apothecary that he wantspoison that works "As violently as hasty powder fired" (simile, which compares a fast-acting poison with gunpowder exploding in a cannon)Friar John did not deliver the message to Romeo becausehe was quarantined (held in isolation because they thought he had been exposed to the plague)It is now _____ , and Juliet is supposed to wake up inThursday, 3 hours.The Friar decides to go to the tomb to be there when Juliet wakes. He says hewill get her and hide her in his cell (room) until Romeo arrives.(It's late at night): Paris is at the tomb becausehe wants to lay flowers at Juliet's tomb and sprinkle her with perfume and say "obsequies" to her.Romeo tells Balthasar thathe is going into the tomb to 1) to see Juliet's face and 2) to get a ring from her finger.Romeo (speaking to the tomb): "Thou detestable maw, thou womb of death/Gorged with the dearest morsel of the earth/Thus I enforce they rotten jaws to open/And in despite I'll cram thee with more food."(Personification/extended metaphor comparing the tomb to a mouth, stomach, with food in it)Everyone believes that Juliet diedof grief over Tybalt's death.Romeo killsParis. But before Paris dies, he asks to be laid beside Juliet, which Romeo honors.Before Romeo dieshe asks Tybalt's corpse to forgive him.Romeo: "Shall I believe/That unsubstantial Death is amorous,/And that the lean abhorred monster keeps/Thee here in dark to be his paramour?"(extended metaphor/personification)Romeo: "Come, unsavory guide!/Thou desperate pilot, now at once run on/The dashing rocks thy seasick weary bark!"(extended metaphor comparing Romeo to a pilot running his ship aground on the rocks)Balthasar:"I dreamt my master and another fought/And that my master slew him."(foreshadowing)Friar Laurence wants Juliet to come away with him. He says he'll hide herin a convent.Lady Montague hasdied due to grief over Romeo's banishment.Capulet first offershis hand (peace) as Juliet's dowry (payment a bride's father traditionally made to the groom)Then, Montague offersto make a statue of Juliet in gold.Then, Capulet says he will makea statue of Romeo in gold also.Prince states that"some shall be pardoned, and some punished"