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Biochem: chapter 5: carbohydrates and carbohydrate metabolism

Terms in this set (15)

flavoprotein
FAD+ associates with a protein; commonly involved in redox reactions (aa metabolism)
Can animals digest Blinkages?
no, they have to have an enzyme
How is glucose oxidized to produce Co2 and ATP?
in 4 step process: 1) glycolysis 2) pyruvate dehydrogenase 3) krebs cycle 4) electron transport/oxidate phosphorylation.
Glycolysis
splits glucose into 3 carbon molecules (pyruvate) + small quantity ATP and NADH; Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm; doesn't require oxygen: 2ATP, 2 NADH
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
puryvate decarboxylated to form an acetyl group; acetyl group attached to coenzyme A --> this allows to transfer acetyl group to Krebs cycl; small amount of NADH produced; can occur only in presence of oxygen, but doesnt use it directly; occurs in matrix of mito
Krebs cycle (TCA cycle)
acetyl group added to oxaloacetate to form citric acid, which is isomerize to regenerate original oxaloacetate; some ATP, large amount of NADH and small FADH2 produced; can occur only in presence of oxygen, but doesnt use it directly - because its needed for step 4; occurs in matrix of mito
Electron transport/oxidate phosphorylation
in inner mitochondrial membrane; NADH and FADH2 are oxidized and produce proton gradient; o2 is reduced to water in the end; energy used to pump protons out of the innermost comp of mito;
Hexokinase
catalyzes first step in glycolysis;
committed step in glycolysis
from F6P to F1,6,bP through phosphofructokinase; once this enzyme steps in - g6p can be used only for glycolysis; VERY favorable step. delta G very negative; early steps in long pathway tend to be more regulated than later ones;
ATP and PFK
Allosteric regulation wins over Le Chatellier's. Unless ATP is so so so low, then this step is not happening at all
Will lack of NAD+ can inhibit glycolysis?
Yes, because it needs it for reduction; fermentation can come in and help out with that in anaerobic conditions
Ethanol and lactate
poisonous when aerobic fermentation is used too much
Oxidative decarboxylation
in PDC as well as Krebs(TCA) cycle; oxidation with release of CO2 and NADH;
coenzyme A
used in many reactions to pass acetyl units around; sulfur and acetyl group is high energy and that allows the transfer of acetyl group into Krebs cycle for oxidation
PDC
composed of 3 independent enzymes; has TPP coenzyme (thiamine is vitamin B1 in TPP)
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