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HBS Unit 3 Test

Terms in this set (28)

Resources the body needs to survive
Food, water, oxygen
Macromolecules
Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins
What is a quick energy source
Carbohydrates
Function of lipids
Long term energy source, cushioning of organs, makes up much of the brain
Function of proteins
Build and repair body tissues
Role of water in the body
Dissolve materials and allow them to flow in blood, give cells structure, allow digestion of food, carry waste products out of body via urine, help send electrical messages, regulate body temperature, lubricate structures, protect organs
Role of oxygen in the body
Allow humans to burn fuel (food for energy, provide oxygen for cells, cells turn glucose and oxygen into energy (cellular respiration)
Systems involving food
Taken in through the digestive system (absorbed through small intestine wall), passes to cardiovascular system for distribution to all cells where it's let into the cells by insulin (endocrine system), and processed in the mitochondria
Systems involving water
Taken in through the digestive system, passes to cardiovascular system to be distributed to cells, filtered through kidneys (urinary system) to remove waste and maintain homeostasis of fluid levels
Systems involving oxygen
Taken in through the respiratory system, passes to cardiovascular system and distributed to all cells, and processed in the mitochondria
Environmental factors that impact body's ability to survive with food, water, or oxygen
Dangerous animals, temperature, humidity, protective clothing
Personal factors that impact body's ability to survive with food, water, or oxygen
Fitness level, age, will to survive, amount of fat, genes, metabolism
Functions of digestive system
1. takes in water & food and breaks down food to be absorbed in the bloodstream
2. breaks down polymers (carbs, proteins) into monomers (sugars, amino acids) releasing energy
3. gets ride of unusable materials in the form of feces
Function of salivary glands
Exocrine glands that secrete materials to lubricate and break down food
Function of pharynx
Allows the passage of food, water, and air
Function of esophagus
Pushes food and water to the stomach using peristalsis
Function of stomach
A sac where food is broken down into nutrients
Function of liver
Makes bile needed for digestion
Function of gall bladder
A sac that stores bile and passes it into the small intestine to help break down fats
Function of pancreas
Secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine and makes insulin to control blood sugar
Function of small intestine
Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream
Function of large intestine
Reabsorbs water and produces feces
Function of enzymes
Proteins that help speed up or initiate chemical reactions including digestion
BMI
Ratio of weight to height, determines if you are at a healthy weight
BMR
Metabolism while at complete rest combined with activity level to plan a healthy caloric intake
ATP
The energy molecule used by our bodies to build up tissues
How is ATP released
Releases energy by losing a phosphate group and turning into ADP (breaking of bond gives off energy)
Release of energy steps
1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb's Cycle
3. Electron transport
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