PADP 3000 Midterm Exam: Long

Terms in this set (105)

Pendleton Act/Merit

gets rid of spoil system. People should be hired based on merit

Dwight Waldo's term to describe the rising importance and power of bureaucracy in American democracy.

Public v. Private

Essentially the lines are blurred when it comes to _____ and _______ companies, there are two perspectives. Ex: McDonald's vs. FDA

of government is differently perceived--could mean # of people or could mean the power government holds

right to actually exercise the power that you have (that stems from the constitution)

barriers to effect public administration; stereotype and perception-- difficult to solve

Authoritative critic

Wilson argues that public opinion should be the ____________ _______, efficient without being meddlesome. It is the meddlesome nature of the public that keeps administrations and government honest. It creates accountability that no matter how inefficient, it is necessary in a free and democratic nation.

bureaucratic model

Max Weber's theory opposite to classical, doubting the competence of a leader

Technical expertise

*Friedrich - technical expertise is used in order to be responsible for yourself and your own decisions
*Finer - technical expertise is appointed (you are told to do it)

traditional authority: rests on traditional loyalty to someone who became a chief in a traditional way (ex: divine right, traditions, etc)

charismatic authority: personal devotion to an individual because of exemplary character

heavily influenced by other actors in the bureaucratic systems (ex: lobbyists, voters)

Comparative setting

Dahl

-Validity?
Is Public Administration a valid discipline?
-Universal generalization
We should push for regulations that can work universally so we can get closer to the principles of science
Hierarchy
Non Specialists (people who only study one thing) v. Generalists
Merit
Elite Status
-Areas of broad discipline
We should generate a field that involves other fields to make it more of a science

Main objective of public administration. Rosenbloom managerial value, the main objective of public administration, reiterating Wilson's words

machine whose own operation is substantially unaffected by its environment (ex: insulated, internal)

Rosenbloom managerial value. Discover what can be the most successful

Rosenbloom managerial value. Least cost and energy

X= there should be more supervision and penalties (Finer)

Y= should be more internally motivated (Friedrich)

Rosenbloom political value

influence of many political actors all around us that make up the organizational culture (sort of Dahl's orginal and Rosenbloom ideas)

condition or system of more than one group or source of authority

organizational culture

the conflict between the many outside actors in bureaucracy. multiple things are are going on at the same time, and highly susceptible to change because lots of people come in and out

network analysis

how a network operates, focusing on shared responsibility between different actors and networks (can be formal or informal)

principal-agent

establishing principal who is working and the role the two have together helps inform how bureaucracy is actually structured (helps inform how we organize)

hired to follow a particular line of work; does increase over time (Simon)

hierarchy of authority (unity of command)

people organized in a way so that they are held accountable to someone for their work, or are in charge of others

span of control

concerned with the number of subordinates reporting to any one supervisor

purpose v process v clientele v place

Purpose: reason/objective/end for a how a task is carried out

Process: means for accomplishing a purpose

Clientele: customer who is at the end of the chart receiving (managers have to consider them and divide them up to serve them better)

Place: where the service is being delivered impacts the decisions that come down the line

strategic planning

"A Strategic Planning Process for Public and Nonprofit Organizations" John M. Bryson
If he had to focus on one issue, it's very likely that this article is about "process"
Steps:
Development of an initial agreement concerning the strategic planning effort
Identification of clarification and mandates
Development of clarification of mission and values
External environment assessment
Internal environment assessment
Strategic issue identification
Strategy development
Description of the organization in the future

Constitutional integrity

Rosenbloom legal value

Rosenbloom legal value

direct tool of org. management/rules that encourage spending in a different way

Rosenbloom legal value

when government administrators sign an agreement with private parties; usually an attempt to do things "on the ground" in the lower level tiers of government. Modern movement in the past 30-40 years
Strong managerial aim for efficiency and efficacy

Partial preemption

the federal government has the right to take over, at least for a limited time, in lower level governmental tiers in case of needs not being met. Ex: extreme pollution, environmental agencies are taken over if not meeting EPA requirement

sum of money issued by government for a certain type of action/you must apply to get money. Types: Federal, Block (discretion, usually is paired with formula), Categorical (discretion, usually is paired with project), Formula (eligibility), Project (eligibility

Tax Expenditures

a government spending through the tax code (marriage, green initiatives) to encourage a certain behavior

certificate of funding to help citizens purchase items

what government should look like

government should act a certain way

is a metaphor for the increasing use of third parties, often nonprofits, to deliver social services and generally act in the name of the state. These are networks (people interacting with each other). There are managerial problems within the ____________ (stability problems, contract problems, "managers can drive themselves crazy trying to figure out the principal-agent relationships"). Stability. Information asymmetry (everyone does not have the same information- some have better information than others [questionable]).

Service provision

the people who create and pay for the program, or it can refer to the people who administer it

The Delegation Problem

the reliance on the tools, and the funding related, by actors that receive them. Depends heavily on trust of the existence of program implementation

Asymmetry of info

One party has more information than the other
Often talking about the principle (someone who needs help/assistance) and the agent (the person(s) who make the decisions for the principle)

the idea that a certain authority has power over others and that it has impact on the rest of the organization

Transaction costs

comparative costs of 1. Planning, 2. Adapting (parties must bargain), and 3. Monitoring (policing each other)

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

the federal government providing financial assistance to students, farmers, etc. to encourage action

legal agreement for a seller to provide a good or service to a buyer for a price

Crossover sanctions

if rules are not followed, there is a penalty
Ex: not making state drinking ages 21+ means no funding for highways

government has different tiers

__________ gained like salary or other payments for services or equity interests like stocks, stock options, intellectual property rights and the like

a type of governmental qualification/eligibility requirement (being entitled to it); the government must spend it for you

Goods & services

_______ include what satisfies a human want or desire (public administration helps provide this) and _______ include an action/economic activity that is often paid for by tax dollars

Sensitivity training

recognize differences in characteristics in the workplace, developing interpersonal skills on a diverse body

Rosenbloom political value

human relations

idea that human relationships matter

(Hawthorne concludes that if you are being watched/observed you focus more and work harder)

Rosenbloom political value

scientific management

the person should perform their task as effectively and efficiently as possibly

(Frederick W. Taylor and his shoveling experiment to find the most efficient way of completing tasks- people need breaks for productivity)

establishing, relating to, or deriving from a standard or norm, especially of behavior. There's an ideal we are striving for. Tends to express a value of judgement. Science should be separate from moral values

idea that we should consider people as an element of organization

Concerned about human beings. We are not always rational. Public Admin is unpredictable

the idea that there are rationally established norms (decrees, mandates, regulations) and that we should focus on the rationale behind them; should include an element of legality

*Finer- act of your own accord - discretion is low
*Friedrich- simple role to carry out what we are told to do - discretion is high

hierarchy/structural

top down delegation of authority from higher officials to lower (chain of command is classical structure)

ability to influence an action

Pol-Admin dichotomy

sharp distinction with technical expertise vs. politicians/politics

something that is accomplishable

strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

analysis to determine feasibility

need a champion to bring awareness to the person who is more high up, and ascend issues up through the hierarchy

refer to "Eras of Mainstream Leadership Theory and Research" table which is on the test

task v people v organization

task: technical performance (POSDCORB)

people: development

organization: alignment

Emphasis on the individual traits (physical, personal, motivational, aptitudes) and recognition of importance cation and ability to influence) that leaders bring to all leadership tasks.
of natural talents. * Era influenced by scientific methodologies in general (especially industrial measurement) scientific management in particular (for instance, the definition of roles and assignment of
competencies to those roles).

Emphasis on the situational variables leaders must deal with, especially performance basis of most rigorous models variables. Shift from traits and skills to behaviors (for example, energy levels and communication
but with vastly expanded skills to role clarification and staff motivation). Dominated by bimodal models in its situational repertoire. * Era influenced by the rise of human relations theory, behavioral science (in areas such theory), and the use of small group experimental desig

transformational

Emphasis on leaders who create change in deep structures, major processes, or overall Leader mechanisms may be compelling vision, brilliant technical insight, and/or charismatic
quality.
* Era influenced by the loss of American dominance in business, finance, and science, and the need
to re-energize various industries which had slipped into complacency.

Emphasis on the ethical responsibilities to followers, stakeholders, and society. Business theorists
tend to emphasize service to followers; political theorists emphasize citizens; public administration

Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Co-ordinating
Reporting
Budgeting

a large, complex organization composed of appointed officials, where authority is divided among several managers and/or departments

cabinet department

gov agencies that report directly to the president (ex: defense, state department)

independent agency

established by a congressional statute that becomes codefied into law (ex: Social Secutiry ad, nsf, Fed elec commission, NASA)

government corporation

is a company that is owned by the government and operates with the same independence of a private business, except that the owner is the government (ex: post office)

having the ability to make your own decisions, self-governance

having the right to act, govt corporations have the most independence, bc they have their own autonomy

principle operating functions of government, having an investigating purpose (ex: DMV)

small offices that represent the large office in DC

EOP (Exec Office of the President)

largely formulated by FDR, it consists of White House staff, the office of the VP, office of management budget, office of national security council, and more

documentation v. info

two different axises of accessing transparency, including: Regulation , Cultural means (email, intergovernmental memos), Attitude (figuring out what you want on or off-book)

(Office of Personnel Management) overseeing issues of hiring and firing of civil servants. It is an independent agency that helps ensure human resource programs properly in government. Formerly the US Civil Service Committee from the Pendleton Act

National Security Council- advise and assist president on domestic, military, and foreign security matters

encouraging people to retire, i.e. retirement plans, especially during recessions (golden parachutes: gives people money to leave, "jump out the window").

a leave of absence--do not show up to work, you also won't be paid, but you still have your job.

Collective Bargaining

(unions- workers who want protection) negotiating with managers for rights, wages, hours, and anything else work-related in order to reach a resolution.

employees have the right to work without having to join a union.

(Georgia is an at-will state) under certain conditions, you can be fired at the discretion of a manager, as long as it's not illegal. Your employment with the government is at-will, the contract can be rescinded at any time.

Hatch Act of 1939

"The Act to Prevent Pernicious Political Activities"- an attempt to keep politics outside of administration.
-Cannot interfere with political campaigns
-Cannot solicit contributions
-Cannot run for partisan role
-Must be unbiased

Public Meetings

information and transparency is discussed openly

there is an authority who is deciding what issues take precedence in the meetings/determining what is most important/prioritizing the potential actions and decisions they are going to make to reach a goal

knowledge, skills, experiences that people bring to the job

Reduction in Force

(RIF) involuntary termination (getting laid off).

(Executive service) includes the top agency heads (mostly appointed)

Transparency/ATI

government's obligation to share information with citizens. It is at the heart of how citizens hold their public officials accountable

A lot of people don't know about this; it stands for Freedom of Information act. Implies explicitly to the executive branch that you can request certain documents and data. However you can't request certain information like defense or intergovernmental communication data
(1966)

Series/Grade/Step

Series: 4 digit number that identifies different occupations, 23 total
Grade: jobs themselves are labeled, there are 15 different grades total
Baseline pay
Education level
Skill/Experience Level

(Metropolitan statistical area) highly dense areas of population; the largest is New York, followed by LA and Chicago. Atlanta is 9th.

(Senior executive service) includes the top people of the bureaucratic agencies

a whistleblower is a person who exposes any kind of information or activity that is deemed illegal, unethical, or not correct within an organization that is either private or public

job classification

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