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Chapt 2 lecture exam

Terms in this set (43)

Perfusion
The delivery of blood per unit time per gram of tissue. Expressed in milliliters per minute per gram.
Adequate perfusion
Delivery of sufficient blood to maintain the health of all body cells.
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart.
Veins
Carry blood toward the heart
Capillaries
Sites of exchange, either between the blood and air sacs of the lungs or the blood and systemic cells.
How many chambers does the heart have?
4 chambers
2 chamber pairs
The _____ side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.
Right
The _____ side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it the body.
Left
The ______ vessels are large arteries and veins that are directly attached to the heart.
Great
The ____ valves prevent back flow to ensure one- way blood flow.
Heart
The _____ circulation transports blood from the right side of the heart to the alveoli of the lungs for gas exchange and back to the left side of the heart.
pulmonary
The ____ circulation transports blood from the left side of the heart to the systemic cells of the body fro nutrients and gas exchange, and back to the right side of the heart.
Systemic
Blood flow through the ______circulation

Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium.
-right AV valve(tricuspid valve)
-pulmonary semilunar valve
-pulmonary trunk
-r/l pulmonary arteries
-pulmonary capillaries
-r/l pulmonary veins
-left atrium
pulmonary
Blood flow through the _____ circulation

Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium
-left AV valve (bicuspid valve)
-left ventricle
-aortic semilunar valve
-aorta
-systemic capillaries
-SVC, IVC, coronary sinuses
-right atrium
systemic
______ pericardium is composed of tough, dense, irregular CT enclosed in heart, but not attached to heart.
Fibrous
_____ layer of the serous pericardium is composed of simple squamous epithelium and an underlying delicate later of areolar CT, inner surface of the fibrous pericardium.
Parietal
_____ layer of the serous pericardium is composed of simple squamous epithelium and an underlying delicate layer of areolar CT. Adheres directly to the heart
visceral
______ pericardium serves to both anchor the heart within the thoracic cavity and prevent the heart chambers from overfilling with blood.
fibrous
Inflammation of the pericardium typically cause by viruses, bacteria, or fungi.
Pericarditis
The atria are separated from the ventricles externally by a relatively deep groove called the _____ sulcus that extends around the circumference of the heart.
coronary
_____ sulcus is a groove between the ventricles that extends inferiorly from the coronary sulcus toward the heart apex, and delineates the superficial boundary between the r/l ventricles.
Interventricular
The ______ ventricle must generate enough pressure to force blood through the entire systemic system; thus making this ventricle three times thicker.
left
Outermost heart layer, also called visceral layer of serous pericardium. Composed of simple squamous epithelium, underlying a layer of areolar CT.
epicardium
Middle layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle tissue, thickest of all heart wall layers.
Myocardium
The internal surface of the heart and the external surface of the heart valves, composed of simple squamous epithelium, underlying a layer of areolar CT.
Endocardium
The right and left atrial chambers are separated by a thin wall called the ______ septum.
Interatrial
The right and left ventricles are separated by a thick wall called the _______ septum.
Interventricular
protein filaments that anchor into a protein plaque located on the internal surface of the sarcolemma. Act as mechanical junctions to prevent cardiac muscle cells from pulling apart.
Desmosomes
Protein pores between the sarcolemma of adjacent cardiac muscle cels. Allow an action potential move continuously along the sarcolemma of cardiac muscle cells, resulting in synchronous contraction of that chamber.
Gap Junctions
The widow maker
inter ventricular artery
Body tissues generally served by one artery.
end artery
Body tissues served by two arteries.
arterial anastomosis
________ node is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, adjacent to the entrance of the superior vena cava. The cells here initiate the heartbeat and are commonly referred to as the pacemaker of the heart.
sinoatrial
____ node is located on the floor of the right atrium between the right AV valve and the opening of the coronary sinus.
atrioventricular
______ bundle extends from the AV node into and through the inter ventricular septum. Divides in L/R bundles.
atrioventricular
______ fibers extend from the L/R bundles beginning at the apex of the heart and then continue through the walls of the ventricles.
Purkinje
The parasympathetic innervation comes from the ______ center.
cardioinhibitory
The sympathetic innervation comes from the _____ center.
cardioacceleratory
Electrical activity is initiated at the SA node, and an action potential is then transmitted through the ______ system.
Conduction
Action potential spread across the sarcolemma of the cardiac muscle cells, causing sarcomeres within cardiac muscle to contract.
Cardiac muscle cells.
______ cells in the SA node are the pacemaker cells that initiate a heart beat by spontaneously depolarizing to generate action potential
...
SA nodal cells are capable of depolarizing and firing an action potential spontaneously without any external surface, this is due to ______
Autorhythmicity
The ability to reach threshold without stimulation is called _______ potential.
pacemaker
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