BacT exam 2, ch controlling microbial growth in the environment

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Reduction in the number of microorganisms and viruses, particularity potential pathogens, on living tissues
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Terms in this set (32)
Reduction in the number of microorganisms and viruses, particularity potential pathogens, on living tissues
antisepsis
Refers to an environment or procedure free of pathogenic contaminants
aseptic
suffixes indicating destruction of a type of microbe
-cide -cidal
removal of microbes by mechanical means
degerming
destruction of most microorganisms and viruses on nonliving tissue
disinfection
use of heat to destroy pathogens and reduce the number of spoilage microorganisms in food and beverages
pasteurization
removal of pathogens from objects to meet public health standards
sanitization
suffixes indicating inhibition but no complete destruction of a type of microbe
-stasis -static
destruction of all microorganisms and viruses in or on an object
sterilization
permanent loss of reproductive ability under ideal environmental conditions
microbial death
An agent that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growthanitmicrobialActions of Antimicrobial agentsalteration of cell wall and membrane or damage to proteins and nucleic acidsCDC established guidelines for safetyBiosafety levels 1-4minimum temp to kill all cells left for 10 minthermal death pointtime used to sterilize an entire population at a set tempthermal death timeamount of time to kill of 90% of the populationdecimal reduction timePhsysical Method of Microbial Control Heat Related Method - Moist Heat: kills vegetative cells, most viruses within 10 minutesboilingPhsysical Method of Microbial Control Heat Related Method - Moist Heat: applies heat and pressure to sterilize, biological indicator of sterilityautoclavingPhsysical Method of Microbial Control Heat Related Method - Moist Heat: not sterilization bc some thermoduric and themophilic prokaryotes can survivepasteurizationPhsysical Method of Microbial Control - drying out samples, decreases water which is needed by most cells for metaoblismdesiccationPhsysical Method of Microbial Control - freezing and drying, use liquid nitrogen or frozen carbon dioxide to freeze cells and vacuum to remove any waterlyophilizationPhsysical Method of Microbial Control - passage of a fluid or gas through a sievefiltrationPhsysical Method of Microbial Control - high concentration of salt or sugars to create a hypertonic environmentosmotic pressurePhsysical Method of Microbial Control - Radiation: electron beams, gamma rays, x-raysionizing radiationPhsysical Method of Microbial Control - Radiation: UV light, visible light, infrared radiation and radio wavesnonionizing radiationdisinfectants and antiseptic chemicals used daily- promotes the development of...resistant microbesChemical Method of Microbial Control - release oxygen radicals and disrupts enzymesoxidizing agentsChemical Method of Microbial Control - decrease surface tension making environment more effective at dissolving solutes, soaps and detergentssurfactantsChemical Method of Microbial Control - forms cross-linkages with proteinsaldehydesChemical Method of Microbial Control - also cross-link macromolecules in cellsgaseous agentsChemical Method of Microbial Control - examples are lysozyme and prionzymeenzymesChemical Method of Microbial Control - antiobiotics, usually used for the treatment of diseaseantimicrobials