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Bio Units 12-17

Terms in this set (40)

Microevolution, or evolution at its smallest scale, occurs when
a population's allele frequencies change over a span of generations
Broccoli, cabbages, and brussels sprouts all descend from the same wild mustard and can still interbreed. These varieties were produced by
artificial selection
Which of the following disciplines has found evidence for evolution based on the native distributions (locations) of living species?
biogeography
The recessive allele of a gene causes cystic fibrosis. For this gene among Caucasians, p = 0.98. If a Caucasian population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to this gene, what proportion of babies is born homozygous recessive, and therefore suffers cystic fibrosis?
0.02^2 = 0.0004
Imagine that you are studying a very large population of moths that is isolated from gene flow. A single gene controls wing color. Half of the moths have white-spotted wings (genotype WW or Ww) and half of the moths have plain brown wings (ww). There are no new mutations, individuals mate randomly, and there is no natural selection on wing color. How will p, the frequency of the dominant allele, change over time?
p will neither increase nor decrease; it will remain more or less constant under the conditions described
Which of the following statements would Darwin have disagreed with?
Descent with modification occurs through inheritance of acquired characteristics.
The core theme of biology is evolution.
True
Which of the following terms represents the frequency of heterozygotes in a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
2pq
A population is all individuals of a species, regardless of location or time period in which they live.
False
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in a population is equal to
p2
Which of the following is an example of a tissue?
heart muscle
Which of the following is a part of the immune system?
bone marrow
Smooth muscle is responsible for
involuntary body activities
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal state.
True
Fingernails are a component of the ________ system.
integumentary
Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?
adipose
Which type of tissue forms a communication and coordination system within the body?
nervous
Structure in the living world is organized into hierarchical levels. Which of the following lists these from least inclusive to most inclusive?
molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Unlike both smooth and skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle
has branched cells
An organ system consists of a collection of similar cells.
False
Through digestion, polysaccharides are broken down into fatty acids
False
A material that must be ingested in preassembled form because the animal cannot synthesize it is
an essential nutrient
Which of the following statements regarding animals is false?
Animals that extract food particles suspended in the surrounding water are called fluid feeders
An animal digestive tract that consists of two openings (a mouth and anus) is called
the alimentary canal.
Through digestion, nucleic acids are broken down into nucleotides.
True
Most gastric ulcers are caused by
spiral-shaped bacteria called Helicobacter pylori
Bile produced in the liver is stored in the ________ before entering the intestine.
gallbadder
Digestion begins in the oral cavity.
True
Which of the following correctly lists the order of the parts of the human digestive system, from first to last contact with food matter?
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
The epiglottis is a
flap of cartilage that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing
Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?
capillaries
The diameter of a capillary is about the same as that of four red blood cells.
False
During which phase of the heartbeat does the heart fill with blood?
diastole
Which of the following statements regarding circulatory systems is true?
A circulatory system is necessary in any animal whose body is too large or too complex for vital chemicals to reach all parts of the body by diffusion.
In humans, which blood vessels have valves?
veins
Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs by the
right ventricle
An adult human's red blood cells are formed in the
bone marrow
Using a stethoscope, you listen to a beating heart and hear "lub-dup, lub-dup." These sounds are created by valves in the heart closing.
True
Blood clots are formed by platelets and the plasma protein fibrinogen.
True
Myocardial infarction, also called a heart attack,
results from the death of cardiac muscle cells
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