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Jackie Unit 2 (spring)

Terms in this set (56)

Complex succession of many bones called vertebra
Vertebral column
Vertebral column is a flexible supporting column for the _________ and ________
trunk and head
Vertebral column transmits the ______ of the trunk and upper body to the ________________
weight
lower limbs
T/F The vertebral column is the attachment for muscles and ribs
True
T/F Vertebral column is located in the midsagittal plane, forming the posterior or dorsal aspect of the bony trunk of the body.
True
Vertebral column is composed of small segments of bone called _____________
Vertebrae
Begins at the base of the skull and extends distally into the sacrum
spinal canal
The spinal canal contains the __________ ____________ and is filled with __________________ ________
spinal cord; cerebrospinal fluid
What are the 5 sections of the vertebral column
1. Cervical (C1-C7)
2. Thoracic (T1-T12)
3. Lumbar (L1-L5)
4. Sacrum
5. Coccyx
T/F The first 7 vertebrae are known as cervical vertebrae
True
Each of the twelve thoracic vertebrae connects to __________
a pair of ribs
Largest individual vertebrae
Lumbar (5)
The Lumbar vertebrae are the strongest because
the load of body weight increases toward the inferior end of the column
T/F the cartilaginous disks between the inferior lumbar vertebrae are common sites of injury and pathology
True
The sacrum and coccyx develop as multiple ______ bones and then ______ into _______ distinct bones.
SEPARATE bones and then FUSE into TWO distinct bones
A newborn has _____ sacral segments and average _____ to _____ coccygeal segments
has 5 sacral segments and average 3 to 5
A child has _____ separate bones in the vertebral column
33
The adult vertebral column is composed of _____ separate bones
26
What are the 4 curves of the vertebral column
1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Pelvic
The term for rounded inward or depressed
concave
The term for rounded outward or elevated
convex
The cervical curve is _________ anteriorly
convex (lordotic)
The Thoracic curve is __________ anteriorly
concave
The lumbar curve is _______ anteriorly
convex (lordotic)
The pelvic curve is _______ anteriorly
concave
What 2 curves are present at birth
Thoracic and Pelvic (Primary curves)
Secondary curve that is developed 3-9months of age
Cervical
Secondary curve that is developed 1-1 1/2 yrs of age
Lumbar
3 Abnormal Curvatures
1. Kyphosis
2. Lordosis
3. Scoliosis
abnormal exaggerated lumbar curvature with increased concavity (swayback)
Lordosis
abnormal exaggerated thoracic curvature with increased convexity
Kyphosis
abnormal lateral curvature
Scoliosis
The two main parts of the typical vertebra
1. Anterior mass (body)
2. Posterior ring (vertebral arch)
The posterior ring (vertebral arch) is formed by 2 ________ and 2 ____________
2 pedicles and 2 laminae
T/F The superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body are flat and rough for attachment of the intervertebral disks
true
The posterior surface of the body and the arch from a circular opening called
vertebral foramen
Extend posteriorly from either side of the vertebral body, form most of the sides of the vertebral arch
Pedicles
The posterior part of the vertebral arch is formed by two somewhat flat layers of bone called
laminae
extending laterally from approximately the junction of each pedicle and lamina is called
transverse process
extends posteriorly at the midline junction of the 2 laminae
spinous process
separate vertebral bodies and account for 1/4 of the length of the vertebral column
Intervertebral disks
each disk has a soft center called
nucleus pulposus
Formed by the articulation with adjacent vertebral notches and the vertebrae below them
intervertebral foramina
Joints formed by the articulations between the superior and inferior articular processes
Zygapophyseal joints
known as slipped disks and occur mostly in the lumbar region
Herniated nucleus pulposus HNP
A congenital defect of the vertebrae which the lamina fail to unite posteriorly at the midline
Spina Bifida
The 1st cervical vertebrae is called
Atlas
The 2nd cervical vertebrae is called
Axis
A ring like structure with no body and short spinous process
Atlas
Has a Odontoid process arising form the upper surface of the body and acts as the pivot or body of the atlas
Axis
Intervertebral foramina are at a _______ degrees anteriorly and a ______ degrees inferiorly
45 degrees and 15 degrees
Routine positions for the cervical spine
Lateral
AP Axial
Odontoid (dens)
Flexion & Extension
Obliques
Lateral postion for the cervical spine: the patient is _____ or ____ laterally with shoulder against film holder
erect or sitting
Lateral Cervical Spine
Film size:
Grid or no grid?
_____ kVp
central ray
Breathing technique
film size: 10X12 LW
Grid
75-80 kVp
CR: perpendicular to film @ C4
suspend respiration on full expiration
Lateral cervical spine part position
- Align mid-cornel plane to the midline of film holder
- place top of cassette 2" above EAM
- Drop shoulders
- Extend chin forward (mandible parallel to the floor)
Lateral Cervical Spine Eval. Criteria
- 7 cervical vertebra with part of T-1
- mandibular rami do not overlap C-1/2
- mandibular rami superimposed
- superimposed zygapophyseal joints
- C-4 in center
- soft tissue and bone detail
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