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unit 3 study guide part 2
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Terms in this set (50)
Which would least likely be able to cross the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane?
protein
If a molecule of water passed through the cell wall of a plant cell, which cell structure would it encounter next in order to enter the cell?
cell membrane
Which organelle contains the chromatin & chromosomes?
the nucleus
Which best describes how the cell wall is able to provide shape, structure, and protection for plant cells?
It is made of a tough carbohydrate called cellulose.
Which best explains why the nucleus is important to cells?
The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins.
Which organelles are most helpful in distinguishing between plant and animal cells?
chloroplast and cell wall
Which organelle works with the cell wall to keep a plant cell rigid?
the large central vacuole
Which organelle converts glucose (sugar) into energy (ATP) for cellular functions?
mitochondrion
How does this structure help the cell function?
by regulating the movement of materials into and out of the cell
Which type of cell would most likely contain large vacuoles for holding water?
plant cell
Why is it important that the inner membrane of the mitochondria be folded in both plant and animal cells?
The folded membrane increases the surface area for energy production.
Which organelle performs the digestion of bacteria within white blood cells?
lysosome
During which process in the mitochondria is glucose (sugar) converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
cellular respiration
Which is true of phospholipids located in the plasma membrane (cell membrane)?
They have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads.
When the cells in an organism divide and reproduce, the organism can grow. Which cell organelle contains the genetic material for reproduction?
the nucleus
Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to
synthesize sugars.
Which diagram is the best representation of the plasma membrane?
diagram 1
Which structure is responsible for producing ATP?
3
Which is the outer layer of a plant cell?
cell wall
In which structure is protein synthesized?
2
Scientists discover a fossilized cell. While analyzing the cell, they find an organelle that has a double membrane and contains genetic material. Which cell organelle have they most likely found?
nucleus
Organ transplants have to be carefully matched between donor and recipient in order to avoid rejection in the recipient's body. What part of the plasma membrane is responsible for this?
cell surface marker proteins
Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?
muscle
Which type of organic compound is the major component of a plant cell wall?
carbohydrates
Which organelle stores DNA and acts as a control center for the cell?
nucleus
What is the function of structure III in the image above?
stores food, water, and wastes
Some antibiotics work by attaching to a bacteria's ribosomes and disabling them. Why is this harmful to the bacteria?
They cannot make the proteins they need.
Which organelle is responsible for reproduction of the cell?
nucleus
Which is found in both a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell?
ribosome
How does the prokaryotic cell compare to the eukaryotic cell?
It is small and more simplistic than the eukaryotic cell.
Which structure do a rabbit cell (animal) and a bacillus cell (bacteria) have in common?
DNA
How are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells similar?
Both cells contain DNA, ribosomes, and a cell membrane.
Which is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are simple cells containing no membrane-bound organelles.
Which type of cell will result from a DNA code for cells specialized in transmitting electrical signals?
nerve cell
How are cells differentiated in organisms?
Each cell contains the same DNA but gene expression is different in each cell type.
Which organism would require cell differentiation?
shark
Why is it important for DNA to direct the formation of muscle cells to have many mitochondria?
to increase the production of ATP
A cell is placed into a salt solution. The salt concentration is much greater in the solution than inside the cell. Which best describes what will most likely happen?
Water will flow out of the cell by passive transport.
Which characteristic of a cell membrane allows it to control materials entering and leaving a cell?
A cell membrane is semipermeable.
Which will most likely happen if a freshwater plant cell is placed in a beaker of salt water for an hour?
It will lose water and shrink.
Which would least likely affect the movement of molecules across the cell membrane?
the temperature of the membrane
Which of the following cell structures is a feature of every cell?
ribosomes
Which of the following statements about rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is most accurate?
Rough ER indirectly helps with the production of protein because it is covered with ribosomes.
A cell is placed into a solution that has a water concentration close to 100% (99.8%) The cell is usually found in more saline environments and has a water concentration of 88%. What is most likely going to happen to this cell?
The cell is going to swell up, burst and die as water moves into the cell through osmosis.
Placing salt water on an injury or cut has proven very effective in killing bacteria and limiting infections for hundreds of years. Which of the following best explains why?
Water will rush out of the bacterial cells passively causing them to undergo plasmolysis.
Based off of the key, what will most likely happen to the cell in this diagram?
Osmosis will occur as water travels out of the cell, with the concentration gradient, making the cell get smaller and perhaps even undergo plasmolysis.
Which of the following best represents both the cell and the solution?
The cell is hypotonic and the solution is hypertonic. The cell is likely to gain water.
A red blood cell is placed into a beaker containing a liquid. In which liquid would the shape and size of the red blood cell always increase?
distilled water
A red blood cell is placed into a beaker containing a liquid. While in the liquid the red blood cell increases in size greatly, but does not burst and die. How does this change most likely affect the red blood cell?
The change in size and shape probably keeps the red blood cell from being able to do its job as well as before.
A cell is having trouble with one of its organelles. Many proteins are being exported and sent to the wrong location. Which organelle is most likely dammaged or not working properly?
Golgi complex
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