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Integumentary Conditions

Terms in this set (45)

Pruritus
-a subjective itching sensation that produces the urge to scratch
-may occur in a small, circumscribed area, or widespread
-caused by: insects, animals, plants, fabrics, meds, allergies
-triggered by heat and prostaglandins
-itch scratch itch cycle
-effects of scratching: redness, wheals, infections
-Medications (lots)
-care: use gentle soaps, lotions, creams, ointments, increase fluids
Xerosis
-dry skin
-problem in older adult
-a result of a decrease in activity of sebaceous/sweat glands, that reduces skins lubrication and moisture retention abilities
-manifestations: itching, flaking skin
-Tx: lotions, creams, ointments, increase fluids
Interventions to reduce dry skin and relieve pruritus
-mild detergent
-no fabric softeners
-avoid perfumes/lotion with alcohol
-mild soap, no hot water
-no daily bath
-increase fluids
-trim nails
-loose clothing, cool environment
cysts
-benign closed sacs in or under the skin surface that are lined with epithelium and contain fluid or a semisolid material
-may occur anywhere on body (head, trunk); painless
-rarely require tx unless large and bothersome
keloids
-elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scars
-arise form excessive amounts of collagen during scar formation in tissue repair
-common in younger adults; appear within 1 year of initial trauma
nevi
-moles
-flat or raised macules/papules with rounded well-defined borders
angiomas (hemangiomas)
-benign vascular tumors
skin tags
-soft papules on a pedicle
-most often found on the front/side neck, axillae, where clothing rubs the skin
-have normal skin color and texture
keratosis
-any skin condition where there is a benign overgrowth and thickening of the cornified epithelium
-adults over 50
-flat, smooth on face/trunk
-tan, waxy yellow, dark brown, flesh colored; appear greasy
psoriasis
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folliculitis
furuncles
carbuncle
cellulitis
impetigo: nonbullous
tx for bacterial infections
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skin changes in children
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skin changes in older adults
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pressure ulcer
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stages of pressure ulcer
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braden scale
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prevention of pressure ulcers
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management of pressure ulcer
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frostbite
non-melanoma skin cancer
basal cell cancer
squamous cell cancer
management of non-melanoma skin cancer
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malignant melanoma
cutaneous surgery
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plastic surgery
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tinea corporis
-ring worm
-fungal infection; large circular patches with red, raised borders on neck, arms, legs, trunk
-tx: topical antifungal cream for 4weeks; avoid contact with others (contagious); can return to school/daycare once tx has started
tinea cruris
-jock itch
-fungal infection; people who are physically active, obese, wear tight underclothing; moisture is common cause
-tx: topical antifungal 4-6weeks; keep skin folds dry; wear cotton underwear
tinea capitus
-fungal infection; contagious; scaling patches on scalp; no school for 1 week after tx started; hair will fall out and regrow 3-12 months
-tx: antifungal meds; wash sheets/clothes in hot water; avoid contact with others 1 week;
tinea pedis
-athlete's foot
-fungal infection of feet
-tx: topical antifungal; avoid wearing rubber/plastic soiled shoes; wear white cotton socks - wicks moisture away from skin; keep feet dry; wear flip flops in public areas; dont wear same shoes everyday
pediculosis capitis
-lice
-Intense itching, eggs appear silvery white; lice are brown and crawl quickly
-tx: pediculicide shampoo and retreat in 7-10 days; wash clothes/sheets/hair accessories using hot water, hot dry cycle; place items in sealed plastic bag for 10 days; discard hair accessories; vacuum frequently
scabies
-red/brown burrows that appear as a rash between webs of fingers/wrist/elbow/axillae/gluteal crease that causes itching
-caused by mite that burrows into skin and lays eggs that hatch in 3-5 days
-tx: medications for itching; lotion to skin for 12 hours; second tx in 1week; contagious; wash clothes/bedding in hot water/hot dry cycle; good hand wahing; items in sealed plastic bag for 5-7 days
common wart
-caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and appear anywhere on skin and mucous membrane; grow above surface of skin
-tx: acid therapy, cryotherapy, electrodesiccation, curettage
planter wart
-caused by human papillomavirus that occurs at pressure points on soles of feet; painful; grow inward due to walking
-tx: acid therapy, cryotherapy, curettage, electrodesiccation
flat wart
-caused by human papillomavirus; found on forehead/dorsum of hand; small, flat lesions
-tx: acid therapy, cryotherapy, curettage, electrodesiccation
herpes simplex - HSV 1
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herpes zoster
contact dermatitis
atopic dermatitis
-Eczema
-tx:
acne
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