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Med Surg: Diabetes

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Type I Diabetes
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Terms in this set (111)
Type I Diabetes
-Age at Onset: More common in young people but can occur at any age.
- Type of Onset: Signs and symptoms usually abrupt, but disease process may be present for several years.
- Prevalence: Accounts for 5-10% of all cases
-Primary Defect: Absent or minimal insulin production.
-Islet cell antibodies: Often present at onset
-Endogenous insulin: Absent
-Nutritional status: thin, normal, or obese
-Symptoms: Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, fatigue, weight loss without trying.
-Insulin: required for all
Type II Diabetes
-Age at Onset: More common in adults but can occur at any age.
-Type of onset: Insidious, may go undiagnosed for years.
-Primary Defect: Insulin resistance, decreased insulin production over time, and alteration in production of adipokines.
-Islet cell antibodies: Absent
Prevalence: Accounts for 90-95% of cases.
-Endogenous insulin: initially increased in response to insulin resistance. secretion diminishes over time.
-Nutritional status: Frequently overweight or obese. May be normal.
-Symptoms: Frequently none. Fatigue, recurrent infections. May also experience polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia.
-Insulin: Required for some. Disease is progressive and insulin treatment may need to be added to treatment regimen.
A1C
6.5% or higher
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
Greater than or equal to 126mg/dL
Two-hour plasma glucose
Greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL, when using a glucose load of 75g.