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TISSUES

Terms in this set (25)

What are 4 types of tissue?
Epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous
Epithelial
consists of closely packed, flat cells. There is little inter-cellular material the tissue is avascular, or without blood vessels;
I/ covering and lining epithelium covers the outside surfaces of the body and lines internal organs
II/ glandular epithelium secretes hormones or other products
Basal
epithelial surface that connects to underlying connective tissue
Apical
the upper surface of epithelium is FREE, or exposed to the outside of the body or to an internal body cavity
Connective Tissue
=> connect, support, and bind body structure together
it's made up of cells that spaced far apart within a gel-like, semisolid, solid, or fluid matrix. The matrix consists of fibers and ground substance. The kinds and amounts of fiber and ground substance determine the character of the matrix
most connective tissue have a nerve supply (as does epithelial tissue)
Avascular
without blood vessels, lacking a blood supply;
cartilage, ligaments,
Epithelium; exchanges nutrients & wastes with connective tissue via diffusion through basal lamina; does not receive direct blood supply
I/ Areolar (Loose) Connective Tissue
the most widespread connective tissue of the body. It is used to attach the skin to the underlying tissue. It also fills the spaces between various organs and thus holds them in place as well as cushions and protects them. It also surrounds and supports the blood vessels;
contains all three types of fibers, usually arranged in a disorderly fashion
Adipose (Loose) Connective Tissue
closely packed cells with a small amount of gelatinous ground substance; consists of adipocytes
Adipose (fat) tissue, in addition to serving as a storage site for fats (lipids) and a long term energy, also pads and protects certain organs and regions of the body. As well, it forms an insulating layer under the skin which helps regulate body temperature.
(found around the heart, kidneys, and in the subcutaneous layers of the skin)
Reticular (Loose) Connective Tissue
loosely arranged fibers in gelatinous ground substance;
contains reticular fibers and cells; used to make the framework of major organs
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
made of tightly packed, tough collagen fibers arranged in parallel with little ground substance;Nuclei are also aligned.
cells called fibroblasts are seen flattened between the collagen fibers
connecting muscles to bones [tendons] and connecting bones to other bones [ligaments]
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
made of tightly packed, tough collagen fibers arranged irregularly, running in random direction; in a mesh-work [not parallel] with little ground substance; cells called fibroblasts are seen between the collagen fibers
durable, hard to tear; provides strength to resist forces applied from many directions; helps prevent over-expansion of organs such as the urinary bladder
forms the majority of the dermis, fibrous coverings around some organs [kidney, liver, spleen] and the capsules around joints
Cartilage
tough, flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones and decreases friction
has cells distributed among fibers in a firm jellylike ground substance; avascular, and without nerves
Chondrocyte
mature cartilage cell
Lacuna
small pit or hollow cavity, as in bone or cartilage, where a cell or cells are located
Hyaline Cartilage
the most common type; contains only very fine collagen fibers, the matrix has a glassy translucent appearance
the nose and at the end of long bones and the ribs, forms rings in the walls of respiratory passages. The fetal skeleton is made up of this type of cartilage, later it is replaced by bone.
Elastic Cartilage
much more flexible than hyaline cartilage; tolerates repeated bending better; more elastic fibers
cartilages of external ear and the epiglottis
Fibro Cartilage
can appear like hyaline, but very fibrous with thick collagen and less chondrocytes. It is not as firm as hyaline.
It provides support and strength.,
vertebral discs, meniscus in knee, between pelvic bone
Fibroblast
immature connective tissue cell that produces fibers,
most common cell found in both loose and dense connective tissues, produces collagen and elastin, responsible tissue repair
Adipocyte Cell
cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat.
Reticular Cell
fibroblast like cell in spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow that produces reticular fibers.
Chondroblast
immature cartilage cell, cartilage forming cells
Chondrocyte
a mature cartilage cell that occupies a lacuna within cartilage matrix; the only cells found in cartilage.
Osteoblast
immature bone cell that produces bony tissue
Osteocyte
a mature bone cell that helps maintain the minerals in bone tissue and continue to strengthen the growing bone
Hemocytoblast
stem cell that gives rise to all blood cells, resides in the red bone marrow.
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