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APES chapter 10

Terms in this set (28)

The tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted because people act out of self-interest for
short-term gain is generally referred to as
a. Capitalism
b. Communism
c. The invisible hand
d. The tragedy of the commons
e. The Hardin effect
The tragedy of the commons
The end result of the example of tragedy of the commons involving sheep is that
a. the farmer with the most sheep ends up owning all of the land.
b. the farmer with the fewest sheep ends up owning all of the land.
c. the land becomes barren from overgrazing.
d. all the farmers share equally in the profit from the land.
e. None of the above
the land becomes barren from overgrazing.
If a farmer overgrazes his sheep in a common pasture the end result is more harm than benefit. This example
BEST demonstrates
a. urban blight.
b. an environmental externality.
c. the invisible hand.
d. The Hardin effect.
e. free market enterprise.
an environmental externality.
Cave Swallows make nests out of saliva, which some people then harvest to make expensive soup. If too
many nests are harvested then the Swallows won't be able to rear their young and the population will crash.
When evaluating how many nests to harvest we should focus on
a. market forces such as the cost of bird's nest soup.
b. international policy.
c. maximum Sustainable Yield.
d. The Tragedy of the Commons.
e. Cave Swallow cave preference
maximum Sustainable Yield.
The nation with the largest percentage of publically held land is
a. The United States
b. Costa Rica.
c. Russia.
d. China.
e. India
The United States
When looking at both private and public lands in the US the most common use is
a. Timber Production
b. Grazing Land
c. Recreational
d. Defense
e. Residential
Grazing Land
The Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 was passed to
a. allow more grazing of Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands
b. limit grazing on Bureau of Land Management lands through a permit system
c. limit grazing on Bureau of Land Management lands through a large scale fencing system
d. prevent grazing on Bureau of Land Management lands
e. tax grazing animals
limit grazing on Bureau of Land Management lands through a permit system
Massive forest fires that burn large areas and destroy canopy are most likely to benefit
a. Early succession species seeking to fill a niche
b. Late succession species that are easily reestablished
c. Apex species that dominated prior to the fire
d. Density-dependent parasites such as bark boring species
e. Mobile canopy species such as upper canopy warblers
Early succession species seeking to fill a niche
The major difference between the National Park Service (NPS) and the United States Forest Service (USFS)
is
a. The NPS manages for people, whereas the USFS manages for trees
b. The NPS manages for ecosystems while the USFS manages for resource use
c. The NPS falls under the executive cabinet, while USFS is legislative in nature
d. People can camp on NPS lands, but not USFS lands
e. There is no real difference between management of NPS and USFS lands
The NPS manages for ecosystems while the USFS manages for resource use
Currently, most of the US population lives in ____ areas.
a. Rural
b. Suburban
c. Exurban
d. Urban
e. Superurban
Suburban
Which of the following is NOT a result of urban sprawl?
a. The average number of miles driven in the US annually has tripled over the past 50 years
b. Due to larger parcel size suburban populations use twice as much land area as similarly
sized urban populations
c. Distance between work, goods, services, and home prevents pedestrian travel
d. Lower population densities make services such as mass transit economically prohibitive
e. Air pollution increases due to reliance on personal vehicles for transportation
Due to larger parcel size suburban populations use twice as much land area as similarly
. Urban blight can best be described as
a. A positive feedback loop involving the migration of goods and services away from an
urban center
b. A negative feedback loop involving the migration of goods and services away from an
urban center
c. A positive feedback loop involving the migration of goods and services toward an urban
center
d. A negative feedback loop involving the migration of goods and services toward an urban
center
e. A positive feedback loop involving the use of tax revenue to build roads which leads to
urban exodus
A positive feedback loop involving the migration of goods and services away from an
urban center
_ 13. Induced demand, as it relates to urban sprawl, can best be described as
a. A positive feedback loop involving the migration of goods and services away from an
urban center
b. A negative feedback loop involving the migration of goods and services away from an
urban center
c. A positive feedback loop involving the migration of goods and services toward an urban
center
d. A negative feedback loop involving the migration of goods and services toward an urban
center
e. A positive feedback loop involving the use of tax revenue to build roads which leads to
urban exodus
A positive feedback loop involving the use of tax revenue to build roads which leads to
urban exodus
You are looking at two different houses. House #1 would have a daily 5-mile commute to work, while house
#2 would have a daily 20-mile commute. How much more CO2 would you produce annually if you buy house
#2? (Hint: driving 1 mile produces 1.1 lb of CO2 and you work 240 days/year.)
a. 1320 lb
b. 3960 lb
c. 5280 lb
d. 9856 lb
e. There is not enough information to tell
3960 lb
. Public lands in the US are categorized for use based on the managing agency. In general National Park
Service (NPS) lands are used for
a. Grazing, mining, timber harvesting, and recreation
b. Timber harvesting, grazing, and recreation
c. Recreation and conservation
d. Wildlife conservation, hunting, and recreation
e. Primarily preservation
Recreation and conservation
The vast majority of wilderness areas in the US exist in
a. the Southeastern states of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida
b. the Midwestern states of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota
c. Texas and Hawaii
d. the Western States (California, Oregon, and Washington)
e. Alaska
Alaska
Most zoning laws in the US
a. Are too lax on the number of parking spaces required for shopping centers
b. Still favor automobile-dependent development
c. Now favor 'main street' style mixed use development
d. Deny Euclidian zoning
e. Require housing for multiple income levels be developed in close proximity
still favor automobile-dependent development
Eminent Domain is a tool that can be used to assist in smart growth. This tool allows
a. Citizens to sue the government if they feel that they are being ignored
b. Citizens to sue the government if they feel that government practices are leading directly
to urban blight
c. Governments to force land use restrictions on citizens to prevent urban blight
d. Governments to force land use restrictions on citizens to prevent any environmental
problems (per the National Environmental Protection Act, NEPA)
e. Governments to acquire land at fair market value even if the owner does not wish to sell it
Governments to acquire land at fair market value even if the owner does not wish to sell it
A management system that includes prescribed burns will likely lead to
I. Large quantities of biomass accumulating on the forest floor
II. A decrease in the likelihood of uncontrolled natural fires
III. An increase in fire-dependent species
a. I only
b. I and II
c. I and III
d. II and III
e. I,II, and III
II and III
A management system that includes fire suppression will likely lead to
I. Large quantities of biomass accumulating on the forest floor
II. An increase in the likelihood of uncontrolled natural fires
III. Increase in fire-dependent species
a. I only
b. I and II
c. I and III
d. II and III
e. I,II, and III
I and II
Use Figure 10-1. The US has experienced a shift in where its population lives over the last century. According
to the figure above, in what decade were urban, suburban, and rural populations approximately equal?
a. 1990s
b. 1980s
c. 1970s
d. 1960s
e. 1950s
1960s
. Use Figure 10-1. What was the approximate US population in 1950?
a. 150 million
b. 180 million
c. 230 million
d. 260 million
e. 330 million
150 million
Use Figure 10-1. Which setting showed the greatest overall growth rate?
a. Urban
b. Suburban
c. Rural
d. None of the settings showed overall growth.
e. It is impossible to tell from the information given
Suburban
Use Figure 10-1. Rural populations decreased approximately ____ % from 1950 to 2000.
a. 3
b. 8
c. 15
d. 28
e. 40
15
Use Figure 10-1. In 2000, the suburban population was approximately what percent of the total population?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 35%
d. 50%
e. 85%
50%
Use Figure 10-2. What type of land use is LEAST common in the U.S.?
a. Cropland
b. Recreational and wildlife lands
c. Timber production
d. Defense
e. Forest grazing land
Defense
Use Figure 10-2. The U.S. has a total land area of about 980,000,000 hectares. Approximately how many
hectares are used for cropland?
a. 9,800,000 hectares
b. 19,600,000 hectares
c. 98,000,000 hectares
d. 196,000,000 hectares
e. 245,000,000 hectares
19,600,000
Use Figure 10-2. What percent of U.S. land is used to produce physical resources, including crops, wood, or
food for grazing animals?
a. 20%
b. 25%
c. 48%
d. 68%
e. 74%
74%
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