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Pathophysiology Ch.33 Pulmonary Function Study Guide

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What two clinical manifestations are most common in pulmonary disease?

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What two clinical manifestations are most common in pulmonary disease?

Cough & Dyspnea

Explosive expiration to clear the lower airways
An important reflex that helps clear airways of inhaled material, excessive secretions or abnormal substances

What does the cough reflex result from?

Sensory receptors in the airways (less receptors in distal bronchi permits secretions to accumulate without stimulating cough)
Cough receptors also located in auditory canal, diaphragm, pericardium, pleura, and stomach

Acute Cough vs Chronic Cough

Acute: Underlying condition, resolved in 2-3wks
Chronic: Persists >3months

What medication commonly causes chronic cough?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

The most common cause of chronic cough in smokers is _____

What are the four causes of chronic cough in non smokers?

1. Postnasal Drainage
2. Nonasthmatic Eosinophil Asthma
3. Asthma
4. Reflux Disease

"What is dyspnea?

SUBJECTIVE sensation of uncomfortable breathing
(breathlessness, air hunger, SOB, labored breathing)
Commonly seen in respiratory & heart disease

T/F Increased dyspnea=increased severity of disease

FALSE. Severity of dyspnea may not directly correlate with severity of underlying disease

List three common SIGNS of dyspnea

1. Flaring Nostrils
2. Use of Accessory Muscles
3. Retractions

What is Orthopnea?

Dyspnea when an individual lies flat (common in heart failure)

What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

Severe attacks of SOB waking an individual up at night gasping for air

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a symptom of _____________ & ____________

Heart failure & Lung Disease

List three characteristics of blood that is coughed up (hemoptysis).

1. Bright Red
2. Alkaline pH
3. Mixed with frothy sputum

List the 5 most common causes of Hemopytsis

". Tuberculosis
2. Lung Cancer
3. Bronchiectasis
4. Bonchitis
5. Pneumonia