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Latin America Test Kanno

Terms in this set (40)

penisulares
members of the highest social class who dominated latin american political and social life
creoles
european descended latin americans who owned the haciendas, ranches, and mines (2nd class)
mestizos
people of native american and european descent
mulattoes
people of african and european descent
Simon Bolivar
a young creole who traveled Europe and was inspired by the ideals of "liberty, equality, and fraternity"
Toussaint L'Ouverture
a self educated former slave
Father Miguel Hidalgo
a creole priest in mexico who raised his voice for freedom
Father Jose Morelos
a mestizo who called for wide ranging social and political reform
Jose de San Martin
a great leader who joined forces with Bolivar in ecuador, peru, and bolivia
Dom Pedro
Brazil's king's son who was left to rule Brazil when the king returned to portugal
Where did creoles get many of their revolutionary ideas?
the works of enlightenment thinkers and translations of the DOI and constitution as well as the ideals of "liberty, equality, and fraternity"
How were slaves helpful in achieving haiti's independence?
haiti's slaves rose up in revolt under their leader Toussaint L'Ouverture, and eventually controlled most of the island. The French eventually surrendered when Yellow Fever destroyed their army, Haiti declared independence.
How did events in spain effect the fight for Mexican independence?
Father Miguel Hidalgo and Father Jose Morelos began the fight. In spain, linter also forced the King to issue a constitution which alarmed Agustin de Iturbide (a creole in Mexico) who reached out to mexican revolutionaries to overthrow the Spanish viceroy.
How were the goals of South American revolutions different from the results?
They wanted independence, social/democratic reforms, and to unite the liberated lands as one nation (Gran Colombia)
The results were just independence.
Simon Bolivar accomplishments
established a republic in Venezuela, took Bogota from the Spanish, and helped countless countries declare independence from Spain
Toussaint L'Ouverture accomplishments
helped abolish slavery in Haiti, and helped Haiti declare independence from France
Father Miguel Higaldo accomplishments
made a speech that called for mexicans to begin the fight for independence
Father Jose Morelos
called for social and political reform, inspired his rebel forces to continue the fight for Mexicans
Jose de San Martin accomplishments
helped Argentina, Chile, and Peru win freedom from Spain
How did social structure contribute to discontent in Latin America?
Other classes like creoles, mestizos, and mulattoes were bitter because peninsulares controlled most of Europes economic and political powers
What was the first step on Haiti's road to independence?
Toussaint L'Ouverture's slave revolt led to slavery being abolished
Why did creoles refuse to support Hidalgo or Morelos?
Creoles did not want to give up tgeir power to mestizos or native americans, which Hidalgo and Morelos were fighting for
Why did Bolívar admire the American and French revolutions?
They embodied enlightenment ideals of freedom and individual rights
regionalism
loyalty to a local area
caudillos
local strongmen who assembled private armies to resist the central government
Benito Juarez
a liberal reformer of Zapotec Indian heritage who started La Reforma
La Reforma
an era of reform in 1855
peonage
a system where hacienda owners would give workers advances on their wages and require them to live on hacienda until they paid them back
Monroe Doctrine
James Monroe issued this doctrine that declared American continents are "henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers"
Panama Canal
a canal across Central America that boosted trade worldwide
What factors undermined democracy in post-independence Latin America?
Inequalities remained, voting rights were limited, racial prejudices persisted, a small number of people owned most of the land, and regionalism hurt unity
What struggles did Mexico go through as it tried to find stability in the 1800s?
Mexico suffered defeat in the US war and lost land, faced social and economic inequalities, succumbed to civil war, and faced harsh war by Diaz
How did foreign influence and investment affect Latin America?
Foreign investment helped latin american economies develop but their develop mostly benefited foreign investors and latin american elites
How did the United States act as an imperialist power in Latin America?
The US politically interfered in latin america when itsninterest were threatened or when it could gain an advantage (example: in Panama)
How did Latin American nations struggle for stability, and how did industrialized nations affect them?
They struggled against unequal distribution of wealth and power, regionalism, and liberal conservative conflicts. Industrialized nations increased trade and industrialization in latin america, creating economic dependence
What problems faced new nations in Latin America?
New nations in latin america had little experience with self government, uneven distribution of wealth and power, regionalism, and frequent revolts
How did the cycle of economic dependence continue after independence?
Latin American nations continued to trade which led the cycle of economic dependence to continue
Describe two ways the United States influenced Latin America.
The US invested in Latin American businesses and politically/militarily interfered in Latin American affairs
Why might developing nations encourage foreign investment?
Foreign capital can help local industries developed
Should foreign investors have the right to intervene with another nation's affair to protect their invenstments?
Yes, foreign investors have the right to intervene because their investment helps both parties
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