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Lifeguarding Chapters 5-6

Terms in this set (51)

Why should an EAP be facility specific?
Every aquatic facility has its own specific set of EAPs based on the unique characteristics at each facility.
calling 9-1-1
Call 9-1-1
Identify yourself
Explain the situation briefly
Explain the purpose of the call
Give location
Answer questions addressed to you
DO NOT HANG UP until the EMS tells you to do so
thermocline
a sharp change in temperature from one layer of water to another
laryngospasm
a sudden closure of the larynx or windpipe
gasp reflex
a sudden involuntary attempt to catch one's breath, may cause the victim to inhale water into the lungs in the face is under the water
Provide three examples of situation-based EAPs.
Water emergency: drowning victim -passive, water emergency drowning - active, water emergency: missing person
List and order the EAP actions in the situation where the victim is responsive and does not require additional care.
Activate the EAP signal, rescue the victim (s), report, advise, release, equipment check, corrective action, return to duty
List and order the EAP actions in the situation where the victim is responsive and does require additional care. Primary rescuers:
Activate the EAP signal, rescue the victim (s), provide emergency care, report, advise, release, equipment check, corrective action, return to duty
List and order the EAP actions in the situation where the victim is responsive and does require additional care. Responsibility of other lifeguards:
Backup surveillance coverage, the water or land rescue and providing emergency care, back-up zone coverage or clearing the area
List and order the EAP actions in the situation where the victim is responsive and does require additional care. Responsibility of additional safety team members:
Clearing the zone or area if no additional certified lifeguards are available for patron surveillance, summoning EMS personnel, bringing additional equipment if necessary, clearing the area or facility, controlling the crowd, meeting EMS personnel
When completing a report, you should:
Collect all factual information about what was seen, heard, and the actions taken.
Who should deal with questions from the media after an incident? Why?
Only the facility manager or the company spokesperson. Your doing so may lead to legal action.
Why might a supervisor chose NOT to re-open a facility that was closed during an emergency.
They may choose to not re-open a facility if there are not enough lifeguards available, emergency equipment is not restored and placed back in its original place, or bio-hazardous materials have not been cleaned up
Members of the safety team, including non-lifeguard personnel, should be:
Trained and certified in first aid and CPR/AED at the same level of the lifeguard team (for professionals)
After an emergency has been resolved, there are still three important tasks to complete. Explain each task.
Report: it is the primary duty of the rescuer to fill out the incident report form after an emergency

Advise: depending on the incident it may be appropriate for you or the emergency personnel to advise the victim to take necessary precautions or follow up with a healthcare provider; it is important to record the advice given

Release: a victim may be released only after the rescue and emergency care provided by you and your safety team in complete; it is important to record the details of release
You must be prepared to respond to emergencies that are outside of the immediate aquatic environment and not part of your zone of responsibility. Describe three areas where these emergencies could occur.
Concession area, locker rooms, play areas
What should be completed after an emergency?
Report, advise, release, notification of the chain of command, checking the equipment of the facility, taking corrective action, returning to duty, reopening the facility, dealing with questions, and attending the operational debriefing
During an emergency (general)
Ensuring back-up coverage, clearing the swimming area, summoning EMS personnel, controlling bystanders, and evacuating the facility.
List the general procedures, in order, for situations involving a water rescue
Activate the emergency action plan (EAP), enter the water, if necessary, perform an appropriate rescue, move the victim to a safe exit point, remove the victim from the water, provide emergency care as needed, report, advise, and release
What are some factors that should be considered when deciding how to enter the water?
Location of the victim, location of other swimmers, size of the victim, condition of the victim, your location, facility set-up and design, type of equipment used
What other factors should be considered when deciding to enter the water? Why?
water depth for entry
Scenario: you are seated on an elevated lifeguard stand in the deep end during recreational swim and spot a passive drowning victim. The area surrounding your station is clear of objects.
Compact jump. Feet first surface dive, positioning yourself behind the victim.
Scenario: You are searching your zone from an elevated station and you spot a patron who appears to have a head injury as a result of diving in shallow water.
Slide-in entry
You spot an active drowning victim while searching your zone from a ground-level station located in the middle of the pool where the water is 4' deep.
Slide-in entry
You are searching your new zone as you walk toward the elevated lifeguard stand in the deep end before a rotation and you spot an active drowning victim.
Slide-in entry
You have just rotated to a roving station during open swim at a crowded waterfront and spot a swimmer in distress.
run-and-swim entry
What are the two most common assists and when should they be used?
The two most common assists are the simple and reaching assists. Simple: used in shallow water to either help a person stand or rescue a submerged victim within reach
Reaching: to assist a distressed swimmer who is close to the side of the pool or pier, use a reaching assist from the deck by extending a rescue tube within the victim's grasp
You are approaching a victim who is vertical in the water, near the surface in 4 feet of water. A victim is facing you and appears to be unconscious.
Passive victim in extreme shallow water - face-up
You are approaching a child who is facing away from you and struggling to keep their head above water.
Active victim rear rescue
You are approaching a victim from behind who appears to be unconscious.
Passive victim rear rescue followed by extrication with a backboard
A victim in the water is not breathing.
Always remove a victim who is not breathing from the water as soon as possible to provide care. However, if doing so will delay care, then perform in-water ventilations until you can remove the victim.
What are the four core objectives in any rescue situation?
Always be prepared to enter the water to make rescues when on duty.
• Have the proper equipment immediately available and be properly stationed to see the entire zone of responsibility.
• Assess the victim's condition, perform an appropriate rescue, move the victim to safety and provide additional care as needed, if someone needs help.
• Always train to the standard, but meet the objective when executing a rescue response
Slide-In Entry
The slide-in entry is slower than other entries, but it is the safest in most conditions. This technique is useful in shallow water, crowded pools or when a victim with a head, neck or spinal injury is close to the side of the pool or pier.
Stride Jump
Use the stride jump only if the water is at least 5 feet deep and you are no more than 3 feet above the water.
Compact Jump
You can use the compact jump to enter water from the deck or from a height, depending on the depth of the water. If jumping from a height (when you are more than 3 feet above the water, such as on a lifeguard stand or pier), the water must be at least 5
feet deep.
Run-and-swim entry
To enter the water from a gradual slope—zero-depth area, such as a shoreline or wave pool—use
the run-and-swim entry.
Active victim front rescue
for a drowning victim who is struggling and facing toward you
active victim rear rescue
for a drowning victim who is struggling and facing away from you
passive victim front rescue
for a drowning victim who is face-down at or near the surface in a vertical-to-horizontal position; seems unresponsive and is not suspected of having a head, neck, or spinal injury and is facing toward you
passive victim rear rescue
for a drowning victim who is face-down at or near the surface in a vertical-to-horizontal position; seems unresponsive and is not suspected of having
a head, neck or spinal injury; and is facing away from you
Passive Victim at or Near the Surface in Water ≤ 3', Face-Up:
for a drowning victim who is face up at or near the surface in water less than 3 feet; seems unresponsive; and is not suspected of having a head,
neck or spinal injury
Passive Victim at or Near the Surface in Water ≤ 3', Face-Down:
for a drowning victim who is face-down at or near the surface in very shallow water (3 feet or
less); seems unresponsive; and is not suspected of having a head, neck or spinal injury
Passive submerged victim-shallow
for a victim who is passive, submerged in shallow water
Passive victim in deep water
for a victim who is submerged in deep water
Quick removal for a small victim
This technique can be used to remove a small, passive victim from shallow water if a backboard is not immediately available.
walking assist
Use the walking assist to help a conscious victim walk out of shallow water.
beach drag
On a gradual slope from a waterfront beach or zero-depth entry, the beach drag is a safe, easy way to remove someone who is unresponsive or who cannot walk from the water. Do not use this technique if you suspect an injury to the head, neck or spine, unless the victim is not breathing.
Extrication Using a Backboard
to perform the extrication technique, work with an assisting rescuer to use a backboard at the pool edge or pier, zero-depth entry or steps
Front Head-Hold Escape.
Use this technique when the victim grabs you from the front
Rear Head-Hold Escape.
Use this technique when the victim grabs you from behind.
Feet first surface dive and head first surface dive
intended for rescuing a submerged victim
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