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Gender Health Exam #1

Terms in this set (79)

Normal gestation is _______ weeks.
40 weeks
1st Trimester lasts from ____ to ___ weeks.
1-12 Weeks
2nd Trimester lasts from ____ to ____ weeks.
13-27 Weeks
3rd Trimester lasts from ____ to ____ weeks.
28-40 Weeks
Gestation could last up to ____ weeks.
42 weeks
Recovery from pregnancy lasts from ___ to ___ weeks.
6 to 8 weeks
What are the 7 symptoms of the 1st trimester?
1. Nausea & vomiting
2. Fatigue
3. Frequent urination
4. Breast changes
5. Headache
6. Food aversions & cravings
7. Indigestion
What are the 8 symptoms of the 2nd trimester?
1. Decreased urinary frequency
2. Decreased nausea & vomiting
3. Continued indigestion & headache
4. Nasal congestion
5. Bleeding gums & nose
6. Increased appetite
7. Low back pain
8. Feel fetal movement
What are the 8 symptoms of the 3rd trimester?
1. Continuation of symptoms
2. Increased urinary frequency
3. Shortness of breath
4. Edema
5. Difficulty sleeping
6. Braxton Hicks contractions
What are the 3 metabolic changes that could occur during pregnancy?
1. Gestational Diabetes
2. Water Retention
3. Weight Gain
When does gestational diabetes usually occur?
Around the start of the 3rd Trimester
What are the 5 pulmonary changes that could occur during pregnancy?
1. Increased rate of respiration (0-2 breaths/minute)
2. Increased tidal volume by 40%
3. Increased oxygen consumption
4. Increased diaphragmatic excursion by 2cm
5. Decreased oxygen reserve dyspnea
What 4 glands enlarge to support growth of fetus and placenta?
1. Adrenals
2. Thyroid
3. Paraythyroid
4. Pituitary
What are the 4 hormones that surge during pregnancy?
1. Relaxin
2. Estrogen
3. Progesterone
4. Human Gonadotrophin
What hormone is responsible for the most physiological changes & is secreted by the placenta?
Gonadotrophin
When is the hormone Relaxin the highest?
1st Trimester
What are the 3 changes that could occur with the diaphragm and rib cage during pregnancy?
1. Increased mobility of rib articulations
2. Flaring of lower ribs
3. Diaphragm elevated
During pregnancy, the heart rate increases by ____ bpm early, and ____-____ bpm by the 3rd trimester.
8 BPM; 15-20 BPM
During pregnancy, a pregnant woman's cardiac output increases by ___-___%.
30-50%
During pregnancy, a pregnant woman's blood volumes increases by ____%.
50%
What condition occurs when a pregnant woman is placed in the supine position and it may compromise vena cava renal blood flow as uterus compresses the great vessels?
Supine Hypotensive Syndrome
What side is better for a pregnant woman to lay on while sleeping?
Left Side
For Supine Hypotensive Syndrome, patients should avoid supine positions for >____ minutes after the _____ month.
3 minutes; 4th month
What are the 7 dermatological changes that could occur during pregnancy?
1. Increased pigmentation
2. Cutaneous vascular markings
3. Skin tags
4. Sweating
5. Itching
6. Hair growth or loss
7. Nail alteration
What are the 4 musculoskeletal changes that could occur during pregnancy?
1. Increased ligamentous laxity
2. Changes in posture
3. Changes in trunk mobility
4. Feet pronation
What 3 muscle areas have shortened during pregnancy and need to be stretched?
1. Lower back
2. Anterior Shoulder
3. Hip Flexors
Breast tissue in pregnancy increases by ___-___ pounds.
1-2 lbs
What 3 sets of muscles create the abdominals?
1. Transversus Abdominis
2. Obliques: Internal/External
3. Rectus Abdominis
What is the area where the 3 sets of abdominals connect?
Linea Alba
What 4 muscles make up the posterior core?
1. Psoas
2. Quadratus Lumborum
3. Iliacus
4. Multifidus
What muscle makes up the anterior core?
Rectus Abdominis
What 3 muscles make up the lateral core?
1. Transversus Abdominus
2. Internal Oblique
3. External Oblique
What muscle makes up the superior core?
Respiratory Diaphragm
What muscle makes up the inferior core?
Pelvic Floor Diaphragm
What core muscle functions like a corset to stabilize low back and pelvis prior to movement of arms and legs occur?
Transverse Abdominis
What core muscle functions with the Tranverse Abdominis and PFM to stabilize low back and pelvis prior to movements of arms and legs?
Multifidus
What muscles are considered the "hammock" of muscles that connect the pubic bone, coccyx, and ischial tuberosities?
Pelvic Floor Muscles
What are the 5 S's of the Pelvic Floor?
1. Sphincteric control of bladder/bowel
2. Supports pelvic organs and their contents
3. Stabilizer of spine, abdomen and pelvis
4. Sexual - Enhances sexual response
5. Slide - Assists birthing
What term is the excessive widening/separation between 2 bellies of Rectus Abdominis muscles at linea alba?
Diastasis Recti Abdominis
____% of women with some type of lumbopelvic dysfunction had a DRA.
74%
T/F: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms are prevalent in males with a Diastasis Recti Abdominis.
True
What is the most common area for a diastasis recti abdominis to occur on the linea alba?
At the Umbilicus
What are the 4 roles of physical therapists for patients with a Diastasis Recti Abdominis?
1. Identification
2. Prevention
3. Treatment
4. Education
What are the 3 treatments for DRA's?
1. Neuromuscular Re-Education
2. Binder
3. Exercise
What are 4 techniques for DRA assessment?
1. Finger Width Palpation
2. Tape Measure
3. Caliper
4. Ultrasound Imaging
What stage of labor occurs when true labor contractions begin, cervix becomes fully effaced and dilated?
Stage 1
What stage of labor is when full cervical dilation occurs and fetus is expelled?
Stage 2
What stage of labor occurs when the placenta is delivered along with membranes?
Stage 3
Full efface and dilation occurs at ____ centimeters.
10 cm
What degree of vaginal birth tearing occurs when the skin and vaginal mucosa tears?
1st Degree
What degree of vaginal birth tearing occurs into the superficial muscles?
2nd Degree
What degree of vaginal birth tearing occurs into the anal sphincter?
3rd Degree
What degree of vaginal birth tearing occurs all the way to the rectal lining?
4th Degree
What are the 2 types of Cesarean Birth incisions?
1. Vertical
2. Transverse
What two tests have been shown to be reliable and easy to perform during pregnancy to determine LBP vs. SI pain?
1. Posterior Pelvic Pain Provocation
2. Active SLR
If the Posterior Pelvic Pain Provocation test and Active SLR test are positive, what does it indicate?
Sacroiliac Pain Issue
If the Posterior Pelvic Pain Provocation test and Active SLR test are negative, what does it indicate?
Low Back Pain Issue
What 5 nerve compressions could occur during pregnancy?
1. Intercostal Neuralgia
2. TOS
3. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
4. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
5. Femoral Nerve
What are the 2 treatments for Edema in a pregnant women?
1. Elevation of Limbs
2. Aquatic Therapy
What muscle acts as a pelvic stabilizer during pregnancy due to additional weight, postural changes, compromised ligamentous support, and waddling gait?
Piriformis
What nerve plexus occurs as a result of postural changes, increased cervical lordosis, and shoulder protraction?
Ulnar & Median Nerve Plexus
What nerve plexus occurs as a result of excessive anterior pelvic tilt, uterine weight, and stress to the iliopsoas muscle?
Lumbar Nerve Plexus
What nerve palsy occurs at the L3/L4 level, and may be caused by compression of the fetal head before birth or during delivery?
Obturator Nerve Palsy
What nerve palsy occurs at the L2/L3 level, and may be caused by psoas muscle hemorrhage, pelvic trauma, or compression of the pelvic cavity?
Femoral Nerve Palsy
What nerve palsy occurs at the L4/L5 level, and may be caused by compression from the stirrups used in delivery?
Peroneal Nerve Palsy
What are the 2 treatments for Round Ligament pain?
1. Rest
2. General Stretches
A positive test for Pubic Symphysis pain occurs when a shift is found that is greater than ____ cm at the end of the symphysis.
> 1 centimeter
What are the 3 treatments for Pubic Symphysis pain?
1. Supportive Belt
2. Home Exercise Program
3. Heat/Cold over Pubis
Varicosities during pregnancy are most common in what 2 regions?
1. Vulvar Region
2. Leg Region
What condition occurs as a result of increased interstitial fluid and edema causing swelling in the veins?
Varicosity
What are the 4 treatments for Varicosities during pregnancy?
1. Exercise
2. Elevate feet 6" above heart in L sidelying
3. Take frequent breaks w/ LE elevated and small pillow under buttocks to elevate pelvis
4. Wear supportive stockings
What are 5 exercises that can be taught to a woman who has delivered their baby vaginally?
1. Diaphragmatic Breathing
2. Transverse Abdominis Exercises
3. Multifidus Exercises
4. Pelvic Tilts
5. Walking
What percent of women perform kegel exercises incorrectly?
50%
What is the #1 exercise mistake women make after having a baby?
Performing sit-ups to tighten abdomens
What is the first exercise performed for treating a DRA?
Approximation of the abdominal muscles while contracting the TrA
What level exercise for abdominal progression is hooklying abdominal isometrics?
Level 1
What level exercise for abdominal progression is hooklying abdominal isometric w/ UE challenges in all planes of motion?
Level 2
What level exercise for abdominal progression is supine w/ feet on exercise ball w/ UE challenges in all planes?
Level 3
What level exercise for abdominal progression is supine abdominal isometric w/ UE challenges in all planes w/ feet moving simultaneously?
Level 4
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