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Anatomy Exam 4

Terms in this set (67)

tensor fascia latae
O-anterior Iliac crest
I-tibia via iliotibial tract of fascia latae
A-flexes and abducts thigh
N-superior gluteal nerve
-on lateral side of hip
iliopsoas
due to the common insertion into the lesser trochanter the iliacus and psoas major are often referred to as this, they are referred to this in the thigh region
Psoas major
O-L1-L5 lumbar vertebrae
I-lesser trochanter with tendon of iliacus
A-flexes thigh, flexes vertebral column
N-femoral nerve
Iliacus
O-iliac fossa
I-lesser trochanter of femur (with tendon of psoas major) (posterior side of femur)
A-primary flexor of thigh; laterally rotates thigh; flexes vertebral column
N-femoral nerve
Erector Spinae Muscles
What are the 3 erector spinae muscles and there major action?
spinalis thoracis, longissimus thoracis, iliocostalis lumborum
A-hold vertebrae erect and maintains lower back posture
transverse abdominus
A-compresses abdomen and laterally bends trunk
N-spinal nerves T8-T12
-deepest of 3 abdominal muscles, fibers runs transversely
linea alba
band of connective tissue that runs from sternum to pubis, serves as a site of attachment for obliques and transverse abdominus
inguinal ligament
anatomical landmark, formed by collagenous fibers and the aponeurosis of the inferior part of external oblique, runs from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic symphysis, the "man V"
tendinous intersection
gives abs a washboard appearance, have 3 usually, they intersect the rectus abdominis muscle
internal oblique
A-compresses abdomen, laterally bends, and rotates vertebral column
N-spinal nerves T8-T12
-sheet like muscle, diagonally arranged muscle fibers, in between external oblique and transverse abdominus
external oblique
A-compresses abdomen, laterally bends and rotates vertebral column
N-thoracic nerves T7-T12
-sheet like muscle, diagonally arranged fibers, most superficial abdominal oblique muscle
rectus abdominis
A-flexes vertebral column, supports pelvic girdle, and supports abdominal viscera, "flexes trunk"
N-thoracic nerves T7-T12
What nerve innervates the deep abdominal muscles?
spinal nerves T8-T12
What nerve innervates the superficial abdominal muscles?
thoracic nerves T7-T12
What travels through the inguinal canal?
in males the spermatic cord travels through and in females the round ligament of the uterus travels through
Gluteus Maximus
O-posterior iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx
I-gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
A-extends thigh against resistance, laterally rotates thigh and helps adduct thigh; when femur is stabilized, it extends the trunk
N-inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Medius
O-lateral surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I-greater trochanter
A-abducts and medially rotates thigh, support of pelvis when body weight is supported on only one of the lower extremities
N-superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Minimus
O-anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I-greater trochanter
A-abducts and medially rotates thigh, support of pelvis when body weight is supported on only one of the lower extremities
N-superior gluteal nerve
What do the muscles innervated by the superior gluteal nerve have in common?
they all medially rotate
Piriformis
-landmark muscle
A-laterally rotates thigh
Superior Gemellus
A-laterally rotates thigh
Obturator Internus
-sandwiched between Gemellus
A-laterally rotates thigh
Inferior Gemellus
A-laterally rotates thigh
Quadratus Femoris
-inferior border of this muscle is the landmark muscle between the hip and thigh, above this muscle is the hip and below this muscle is the thigh
A-laterally rotates thigh
gluteal fold
is the external landmark that divides the hip and thigh region
Obturator Externus
A-laterally rotates thigh
Sartorius
O-anterior superior iliac spine (AIIS)
I-proximal medial surface of tibial shaft
A-flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg and medially rotates tibia (tailor's muscle)
N-femoral nerve
What are the four muscles of the quadriceps femoris?
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
Rectus Femoris
O-anterior inferior iliac spine
I-tibial tuberosity
A-flexes thigh and extends leg (kickers muscle)
N-femoral nerve
Vastus Lateralis
O-greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
I-tibial tuberosity
A-extends leg and provided support to knee joint
N-femoral nerve
Where is the linea aspera located?
located on posterior side of femur
Vastus Medialis
O-spiral line and linea aspera of femur
I-tibial tuberosity
A-extends leg and provides support to knee joint
N-femoral nerve
Vastus Intermedius
O-anterior and lateral surface of femur
I-tibial tuberosity
A-extends leg
N-femoral nerve
Gracilis
O-symphysis pubis
I-proximal medial surface of tibia shaft
A-adducts and flexes thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg
N-obturator nerve
-gracilis and sartorius are very similar, both medially rotate tibia
Pectineus
O-pectineal line of pubis
I-pectineal line of femur
A-adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh
N-femoral nerve
-odd ball muscle, only medial thigh muscle that is innervated by femoral nerve instead of obturator nerve
Where is the pectineal line located?
it is located under lesser trochanter on femur
adductor longus
O-symphysis pubis
I-linea aspera of femur
A-adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh
N-obturator nerve
Adductor brevis
O-inferior ramis of pubis
I-linea aspera of femur
A-adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh
N-obturator nerve
-deep to adductor longus
Adductor magnus
O-ramus of ischium and ischial tuberosity
I-linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
A-adducts, extends, and laterally rotates thigh (everything except abduct)
N-obturator nerve
-two insertions of adductor magnus create the adductor canal/hiatus
What travels through the adductor canal/hiatus?
nerves, arteries, and veins
-specifically the femoral artery travels through and goes to the popliteal fossa and turns into the popliteal artery
biceps femoris
O-long head from ischial tuberosity and short head from linea aspera
I-fibula and tibia
A-extends thigh, flexes leg; serves as postural function by pulling pelvic girdle posterior and inferiorly
N-tibial nerve branch of sciatic nerve (just say sciatic nerve or tibial nerve branch)
-two heads; long head and short head, short head is below long head
semitendinous
O-ischial tuberosity
I-proximal surface of tibial shaft
A-extends thigh, flexes leg, serves postural function by pulling pelvic girdle posterior and inferiorly
N-tibial nerve branch of sciatic nerve
-medial side, on top of semi membranous, "tendony"
semimembranous
O-ischial tuberosity
I-medial condyle of tibia
A-extend thigh, flexes leg; serves postural function by pulling pelvis girdle posterior and inferiorly
N-tibial nerve branch of sciatic nerve
-most medial, below semitendinous
fibularis (peroneus) tertius
O-fibula
I-5th metatarsal
A-dorsiflexes and everts foot
N-deep fibular nerve (aka Deep Peroneal nerve)
-most lateral, "Perry"
extensor digitorum longus
O-tibia and fibula
I-2-5 digits
A-extends 2-5 digits and everts foot
N-deep fibular nerve
-"Dick"
extensor hallucis longus
O-fibula
I-1st distal phalange
A-extends 1st phalange (major action) and dorsiflexes foot
N-deep fibular nerve
-"Harry"
Tibialis Anterior
O-tibia
I-1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform
A-dorsiflexes and inverts foot
N-deep fibular nerve
What causes drop foot?
lose of deep fibular nerve, lose Tom, Dick, Harry, and Perry, can no longer dorsiflex
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
O-tibia
I-1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform
A-plantar flexes and everts foot, support arches along with tibialis posterior
N-superficial fibular nerve
-goes behind groove for fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
O-fibula
I-5th metatarsal
A-everts foot
N-superficial fibular nerve
Gastronemius
O-lateral and medial condyles of femur
I-tuber calcaneus via achilles tendon (calcaneal tendon)
A-flexes leg and plantar flexes foot
N-tibial nerve
-two heads; medial and lateral
soleus
O-fibula and tibia
I-tuber calcaneus via Achilles tendon (calcaneal tendon)
A-plantar flexes foot
N-tibial nerve
-fish like, one head
triceps surae
3 muscular heads made up of 2 heads of gastronemius and one head of soleus, all together they plantar flex the foot
plantaris
O-lateral surface of femur
I-tuber calcaneous
A-flexes leg (weak) and planater flexes the foot (also known as the fool's nerve)
N-tibial nerve
fool's nerve
is actually the tenon of the plantaris muscle, looks like a nerve but is actually a tendon
tibial nerve innervates...
all posterior leg muscles
popliteus
O-lateral condyle of femur
I-medial condyle of tibia
A-flexes leg, medially rotates tibia, and pulls lateral meniscus out of the way in medial rotation of tibia
N-tibial nerve
tibialis posterior
O-tibia and fibula
I-plantar surface of foot
A-plantar flexes and inverts foot, support arches along with fibularis longus
N-tibial nerve
-"Tom" is most medial, can really only see tendon of this muscle
Flexor digitorum longus
O-tibia
I-2-5 digits
A-plantar flexes and inverts foot and flexes digits 2-5 phalanges
N-tibial nerve
-"Dick"
Flexor Hallucis Longus
O-fibula
I-1st distal phalange
A-flexes 1st phalange (and helps plantar flex foot)
N-tibial nerve
-flexor and extensor hallucis longus come off fibula
flexor retinaculum
located at back of ankle
extensor retinaculum
located on top of ankle/foot
What makes up the sciatic nerve?
tibia and common fibular nerve
How does the sciatic nerve divide?
first it divides into tibia and common fibular nerve. Then the common fibular nerve gives rise to superficial and deep fibular nerve. The tibial nerve splints into medial plantar nerve and lateral plantar nerve
fascia latae
is a deep fascia that encircles the entire thigh. It is well developed laterally where together with the tendons of the gluteus maximus and the tensor fascia latae forms the iliotibial tract
What muscles medially rotate the leg?
Sartorius and Gracilis
What would happen if you lost your femoral nerve?
leg extension would be most affected, transfer gracilis to compensate because gracilis is innervated by the obturator nerve
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