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Astronomy Exam 2

Terms in this set (25)

Scientific Process
1) Hypothesis 2) Prediction 3) Test against evidence
Science involves ...
Testable predictions
About ... of U.S. tax dollars go to basic science research
2 pennies
Science is a ... to understand the ... world
Process, natural
Science relies on ...
Data, evidence, experiment, observations
Science can only ... or ... ideas
Accept, reject
During the summer in the Northern Hemisphere, the earth is ... the sun and this hemisphere is tilted ... the sun
Farther from, towards
The tilt of Earth's rotation axis causes 2 important effects:
1) changes in number of daylight hours to heat surface
2) changes in sunlight intensity
Two things directly responsible for the cause of the seasons on earth
1) Intensity of sunlight
2) Number of hours in daylight
Theoretically, bigger tilt on earth=
Bigger effect on seasons
All objects heat by gaining ...
Thermal energy
A fundamental rule of the Universe that explains why an action or process happens
Energy conservation
Atom GAINS energy by ... light
Absorbing
Atom LOSES energy by ... light
Emitting
Energy conserved means ... energy = ... energy
Initial, final
Four types of energy include:
1) Radiative (Light)
2) Kinetic (Motion)
3) Thermal (Feel the burn)
4) Potential (Stored)
... has more thermal energy than ... at 212 degrees Fahrenheit because of temperature x density
Water, air
According to the Planet Warming Scientific Model #3, three key factors control how much energy (sunlight) a planet receives:
1) Distance from the Sun
2) Reflectivity of the planet sets how much intensity is absorbed
3) Greenhouse effect
A warmed planet with emit ...
Blackbody raditation
Sun emits energy most strongly at ... wavelengths, and sunlight that reaches the ground has highest intensity at ... wavelengths
Visible, visible
The main two greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are ... and they absorb mostly ... light
Water and carbon dioxide, infared
Greenhouse gases in atmosphere absorb Earth's ... black body raditation and re-emits it in ... direction(s)
Infared, all
All organisms on Earth are built from the same six essential elements:
CHNOPS
What is the habitable zone?
Distance from a star where we expect to find liquid water
The ... you are to a light source, the ... the intensity
Closer, higher
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