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climate and water budget

Terms in this set (21)

the water cycle
the process by which all of the earths water is recycled through the oceans and atmosphere
infiltration
the process where water flows into the ground to become groundwater
groundwater
water found beneath the earth's surface
precipitation
when water (in any form) falls from the atmosphere
pore spaces
empty spaces in the ground where water can ser
porosity
the percentage of empty space. a comparison of the amount of pore spaces compared to the volume
particle shape
rounder particles have a greater porosity than flatter ones
packing
particles that are packed much more tightly have smaller pore spaces
mixing
mixing particles allows smaller particles to fill the spaces created by the larger particles
permeability
the rate at which water will infiltrate through a material
size of the pore spaces
the larger the pore spaces the faster the water can pass through it
how well the spaces were connected
those that are poorly connected restrict the flow of water and reduce the permeability
capillarity
the ability of water to flow upwards through small passages
the smaller the passageways are, the higher the water is able to rise
factors affecting the rate of infiltration of surface water
-the porosity of underlying material
-rate of precipitation
climate
the average conditions of temperature and precipitation of an area as measured over a long period of time
evapotranspiration
the process by which water vapor is introduced to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration
transpiration
the process by which living things put water vapor into the atmosphere
factors affecting climate
- large bodies of water
- mountains
- altitude
- latitude
-ocean currents
large bodies of water
- help to modify the temperature
- near large bodies of water produce cooler summers and warmer winters. away causes a greater extreme between summer and winter temperatures
mountains (orographic effect)
on the windward side of mountains usually if sound a moist, cooler climate. on the leeward side are found hot, dry climates.
altitude
higher elevations have cooler temperatures
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