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PTCB Exam Study Sheets
667ml of 25% and 333ml of 10%
If you have 25% dextrose and 10% dextrose, how many ml of each would you need to make 1000ml of a 20% solution?
35mg/hr
An IV has been ordered to run at 2.5gtts/min. The IV contains 875mg of Amoxicillin in a total of 250ml. How many mg of Amoxicillin will be given to the patient per hour if the IV is set to deliver 15gtts/ml?
Absorption
What is the term for the process by which substances are taken up and transported to the bloodstream?
75ml
If a prescription calls for 375mg of penicillin per day for 10 days how much of a 250mg/5ml suspension should be dispensed?
12:00AM 6/1/99
The expiration date on a bottle of Vicodin is 5/99. When does this drug expire?
qhs
What is the sig code for every night at bedtime?
in left ear
The directions for a medication read, "i - ii gtts as q 4 h x 10 days". What is the meaning of "as"?
480ml
The doctor prescribes Robitussin AC, one pint. How many mls are needed for one pint?
for the ear
A prescription reads "ii gtts au qid." What auxillary label should be affixed to the container?
hig blood pressure
Pseudoephidrine is contrandicated with which of the following?
144
If the dose for Quaifenesin is 2.5ml, how many doses will a patient receive if given a 12 ounce bottle?
special coating to prevent dissolution is stomach
What does enteric coated mean?
954mg/day
The dose of Penicillin V for a 7 year old is 35mg/kg/day, divided into doses every 6 hours. How many mg/day should a 60lb child receive?
100
How many 1 ounce bottles of Cheratussin can be made from a 3 liter container of Cheratussin?
No interest if paid in full within 30 days
A phamacy receives a Cardinal Invoice reading "$6,000, net 30." Under those payment terms the pharmacy will be charged...
Ibuprofen
This medication is an NSAID.
anticonvulsants that may be used to treat generalized seisures.
Phenytoin, Carbamazepine and Phenobarbital are all ____________.
2(b+d+f) + (a+c+e) = x (i.e AH1327142) **abcdefx
Formula for testing DEA #'s authenticity.
examples of Calcium Channel Blockers
Isoptin, Cardizem and Vascor are all _________________.
$15.00
If you pay $35 for Verapamil and the selling price is $50, what is the markup for the drug?
43%
If you pay $35 for Verapamil and the selling price is $50, what is the percentage markup based on cost?
30%
If you pay $35 for Verapamil and the selling price is $50, what is the percent gross profit?
147ml
The initial dose of Rebif is 0.7mg/kg/hr for 12 hours. How many ml of Rebif IV solution containing 400mg/ml would be needed for an adult male weighing 154lbs during this 12 hour period?
needs to be stored at room temperature, sublingual tablets need to be dispensed in original glass containers and must be replaced after 6 months of opening.
Some rules pertaining to Nitroglycerin tablets are as follows...
was exposed to excessive cold.
The appearance of crystals in a mannitol injection would indicate that the product ___________.
the bore
What does the gauge of a needle refer to?
Furosemide
This medication is a diuretic.
interfere with the absorption of iron.
Antacids, milk and Tetracycline can all __________________.
decongestant
Pseudoephedrine is classifed as a ____________.
30
66lbs is equal to __kg.
Amoxicillin-Dextromethorphan
A non-life threatening drug interaction could be _________________.
in the refrigerator.
Insulin should be stored _____________.
1:1
In what ratio should 50% alcohol be mixed with 10% alcohol to obtain a 30% alcohol solution?
0.625ml
If a vial of heparin contains 20,000U/ml, how many ml are needed for a 12,500U dose?
do not require a PPI each time they're dispensed.
Accutane, Premarin and Proventil
Zidovudine
Which drug is used to prevent pregnant women with HIV from passing the virus to their babies?
6
How many ounces would you be dispensing for a prescription requiring 180ml?
class I
A _____________ drug recall indicates that the product will cause serious adverse health conditions or death.
Levigation
The process of reducing the size of particles and incorporating solids into lotions, creams and ointments. Also refers to the formation of a paste by adding small amounts of a liquid or ointment base to a powder with a spatula.
2 - 8C
Storage requirements after reconstitution for ceclor 125mg5ml.
drug manufacturer
A product's NDC number is grouped into three sections. The first five digits identify...
acetaminophen
The preferred method for treating flu and fever in children is ____________.
30 minutes.
After turning off the laminar flow hood, how long must it be turned back on before use?
potassium sparing diuretics.
Amiloride, Spironolactone and Triamterene are all _______________.
167ml/hr
if a D5W/.45% NS 1000ml solution is administered over 6 hours, how many ml/hr would you need to set the flow rate for?
Pharmacokinetics
The study of the rates at which drugs and their metabolites are absorbed into, distributed through and eliminated from the body.
60
1 grain is equal to ___ mg.
0.25mg/min
A patient weighing 110lbs is ordered to recieve 5mcg/kg/min of an iv solution containing 600mg in 250ml D5W. The IV dose rate is ________.
0.6ml
A drug is available in a concentration of 50mg/10ml. How many ml are needed for a 3mg dose.
the people in the room.
A major source of contamination in a clean room is ___________.
$10.89
A compound prescription requires using 10 Tetracycline capsules which cost $25 per 50 capsules and 100 gr of Triamcinolone ointment which costs $9 per pound. If there is a $4 dispensing fee what would the total cost be for this prescription?
22 micron
What is the appropriate size HEPA filter used in a laminar flow hood?
2.5ml
An acetaminophen elixer is available in a 0.05mg/ml concentration. How many mls are needed for a 0.125mg dose?
177ml of 90% and 296ml of 10%
How much 90% alcohol must be mixed with 10% alcohol to make 473ml of a 40% alcohol solution?
9gtts/min
Heparin 25,000U in 250 ml D5W is running through an administration set delivering 60gtts/ml. What is the flow rate required to deliver 15U/min?
loss of potassium
A common side effect of diuretic therapy is _____________.
rebound congestion.
A side effect of polonged use of a topical decongestant could be ___________________.
2%
If 15g of a 1% Hydrocortisone ointment is combined with 30g of a 2.5% Hydrocortisone ointment, what is the resulting percentage strength of the final product?
685ml
How much water should be added 95% ethanol to make 1 liter of a 30% ethanol solution?
120ml
A doctor orders 125mg/5ml Dilantin suspension to replace an order that reads "Dilantin 100mg, dispense #30, SIG: i tid." What quantity of the suspension should be dispensed?
60
How many tablets containing 250mg of Penicillin are needed to make 150ml suspension containing 100mg/ml?
Tenormin
This drug is classifed as a beta blocking agent.
20
A prescription for Coumadin 7.5mg reads "ii ts po bid x 3 days, ii ts po qd x 3 days, i t po qd x 2 days" How many tablets should be dispensed?
Distribution
The process that moves a drug from the bloodstream to the area where it will exert its pharmacological effect is called what?
Side to side from back to front.
When cleaning a laminar flow hood, this is the method that should be used.
diuretics.
Bumex, Dyazide and Lasix are classifed as _____________.
at least 6 inches
When preparing an IV solution is a laminar flow hood the technician should work at least this distance within the hood.
narcotic analgesics
Codeine, Percocet and Demerol are all classified as what?
Warfarin-Aspirin
An example of a major drug-drug interaction would be what?
Beta-antagonists
Albuterol, Bitolterol and Metaproterenol are all classified as _______________.
Antitussive
Destromethorphan is classified as what?
Trituration
This is the process of reducing solids into fine particles by rubbing them with a mortar and pestle. It is used to reduce the size of particles and to blend powders.
Antiarrythmic
Lanoxin would be classified into which category?
50% of original up to 1 year
If a pharmacist asks a technician to repack bulk solid dosage forms into unit does packs, what expiration date should appear on the label?
enteric coated tablets
What dosage form is designed to dissolve in the intestines rather than the stomach?
refrigerator
Phenergan suppositores should be stored where?
1/30
2mg = x grains, x = ?
it will not accumulate in the body.
When a vitamin is water soluble it means ______.
antacid
Calcium Carbonate is classified as a/an ____________.
categorized in same therapeutic class and produce the same therapeutic effect
Therapeutic equivalance means drugs are ________________________.
isopropyl alcohol.
When cleaning a laminar flow hood which solution should be used?
400mg
If the doctor ordered 100mg Dilantin qid, what's the total daily dose the patient will receive?
hypertension
Alpha and beta blockers and diuretics are all used to treat what?
NSAID
What classification best describes Fenoprofen, Ketoprofen and Ibuprofen?
FDA
Regulates drug quality.
Shedule II
Codiene and Oxycodone are both classified as _______________ drugs.
as needed
The SIG code PRN means what?
20ml
Suprax suspension is available in 75mg/5ml. If a prescription calls for 300mg of Suprax, how many mls need to be dispensed?
Class II
If a blood pressure monitor was found to cause temporary or medically reversible adverse health consequences which type of recall would this be classified as?
under the tongue
The directions for use of Hyoscamine read "i-ii sl prn" what does "sl" mean?
0.5ml
If Procrit is available in a 0.1mg.ml concentration, how many mls are needed for a 50mcg dose?
antibiotics
Biaxin, Cefzil and Zithromax are all classified as what?
1 tablespoon
If a prescription reads "iii teaspoonfuls" what would another way be to write it?
Narcotic
A drug that induces insensibility and relieves pain but is also addicting would be what?
2
30 grains = x grams, x = ?
Formulary
Hospitals or managed healthcare organizations list drugs that have been approved for use on the basis of therapeutic and economic consdierations. What is the common name of such a list?
gr
Grain
ipecac syrup
What medication may be given to induce vomiting?
Expectorant
An agent that promotes the discharge of mucus from the respiratory tract is called what?
Antihistamine
Astemizole, Fexofenadine and Loratidine would all fit into this classification.
Young's Rule for Child's Dosing
age in years/ (age in years + 12) x adult dose= childs dose
Clark's Rule for Child's Dosing
weight/150 x adult dose = childs dose
dialysis
The movement of particles in a solution through permeaable membranes is called what?
keep blood from clotting in the device
Why is Heparin used in a herarin lock?
Fleming
_________ discovered penicillin could kill some bacteria.
1951 Durham-Humphrey Amendment
This defined what drugs require a prescription.
Food and Drug Act of 1906
This prohibited interstate commerce in adulterated and misbranded food, drinks and drugs.
1938 Food Drug and Cosmetic Act
This came into effect because of fatal poisoning from liquid sulfanilamide, it required new drugs to be shown to be safe before marketing.
Justice Department
The DEA is located within this branch of the US Government.
monograph
The manufacturer must follow _________ requirements to be able to market their drug without FDA new drug approval.
state board of Pharmacy.
Responsible for pharmacist licensing in each state.
IND (Investigational New Drug)
During clinical trials a propsed drug is called what?
Kefauver-Harris Amendment
This requires drug manufacturers to provide proof of safety and efficacy.
Martindale, The Complete Drug Reference
Where you'd find information on a drug from England.
Pharmacy Times
An example of a trade journal would be this.
The Merck Index
This is an encyclopedic source of chemical substance data.
Remington, The Sceince and Practice of Pharmacy
This is the most comprehensive text covering pharmaceutical sciences.
NDC
The drug manufacturer assigns this to each drug it produces.
Drug Facts and Comparisons
This provides comprehensive and timely drug information about prescriptions and OTC products.
Model Curriculum for Pharmacy Technician Traning
This is published by the ASHP (American Society of Health systems Pharmacists).
Goodman and Gilman's
This is the name of the principal pharmacology text.
three
The USP DI has this many volumes.
The Red Book
This provides national recognized AWP's and NDC's for FDA approved drugs.
Tertiary
__________ literature contains condensed works based on primary literature such as textbooks and monographs.
Protected Health Information (PHI)
HIPAA, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act contains regulations related to what?
Schedule II, III, and IV drugs
Caution: Federal law prohibits the transfer of this drug to any person other than the patient for whom it was prescribed. This labe must appear on which prescription drugs?
au
both ears
ou
both eyes
as
left ear
ad
right ear
os
left eye
od
right eye
insurer
In managed care, care is managed by who?
20 hours, 2 years
CPhTs need _____ of continuing education ever ____ years to renew certification.
patenting
This protects against illegal copying of new discoveries.
Necrosis
The death of cells is referred to as what?
minimum effective concentration
This is the blood concentration needed to produce a response.
1-2
the stomach's pH is around ____.
Idosyncratic
This type of reaction can occur the first time a drug is given to a patient.
Synergism
This can occur when two drugs with similar pharmacological effects produce greater effects when taken together.
Additive effects
This can occur when two drugs with similar pharmacological actions reults in an effect equal to the sum of their individual effects.
rapidly
Children between the ages of 1 and 12 metabolize certain drugs more _________ than adults.
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
This protects people from unsanitary and poorly labled food.
Medical Device Amendment of 1976
This calls for classification, safety and efficacy of medical devices.
Orphan Drug Act of 1983
Passed for drugs that treat diseases that affect very few people to help with tax relief and other incentives for manufactures to develp and market such drugs.
Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984
Also known as Waxman Hatch Amendment, passed to make generic drugs more readily available to the public and provides more incentives to pharmacuetical companies to develop them.
OTC drug categories
Category I: includes generally safe, effective and not misbranded. Category II: includes ingredients that are not considred safe, effective and are misbranded. Category III: includes ingredients for which data is insufficient to permit classification.
PPI
FDA passed this law in 1970 that states certain drugs require a package insert indicating the uses, risks and precautions of such drugs. Some examples are Isotretinoin, Oral Contraceptives, Isoproterenol, Ticlopidine, Progesterone, Estrogen and Intrauterine Devices.
barrel and plunger
What are the two main parts of a syringe?
tip and plunger
To maintain sterility these parts of the syringe should not be touched.
The final edge of the plunger piston should line up wtih the graduation mark on the barrel.
This is the technique to proper measuring with a syringe.
bevel and hub
What are the two main parts of a needle?
hub
This is the part of the needle that connects to the syringe.
eutectic
What kind of compounds liquefy when they're brought together?
24
Medication carts commonly provide how many hours of medication for specific patients?
6000mg
A patient is taking three 100mg capsules of phenytoin (Dilantin) each day. How much Phenytoin would the patient take in 20 days?
medication duplication
Theo-Dur and Uni-Dur are an example of what?
norethindrone
A Patient Package Insert is mandatory when dispensing ___________.
cyanocobalamin deficiency
An inadequate supply of viatmin B-12 is also known as what?
Calcium-Channel Blocker
Verapamil is classified as what?
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
An example of a Cardiac Glycocide would be what?
Expectorant
What is a medication to relieve a dry hacking cough called?
refrigerated
After reconstituion, Ceclor 123mg/5ml should be __________.
parenteral routes
Intraocular, intranasal and vaginal are all examples of what?
bioavailability
The amount of a drug that is availe to the site of action and the rate at which it is available is known as what?
flow rate
The rate at which the solution is administered to the patient.
infusion
The slow continuous introduction of a solution into the blood stream.
piggyback
A small volume solution added to an LVP (Large volume parenteral)
proper aseptic techniques
Wearing a gown, wearing gloves and swabbing the vial with alcohol are all examples of what?
Schedule I
This type of drug has no accepted medical use in the United States.
DEA and State Board of Pharmacy
According to federal law, in the event of suspected theft of a Shedule II medication the pharmacy is required to notify who?
Cephalexin (Keflex)
This should be avoided in patients who are allergic to Cefaclor (Ceclor).
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
This should be recommended by the pharmacist to treat simple headache in patients who are taking naproxen for inflammation.
central supply or materials management
The area of the hospital responsible for distributing supplies to all areas of the facility is called what?
other non-consulting activities
In a home care team the pharmacy technician may be involved with compounding, labeling deliver and _____________.
registered nurse
This member of the home team is responsible for educating the patient.
floor stock
Stock such as large volume parenterals stored on a nursing unit that does not require specific labeling is called what?
Pharmacy and Therapuetics Committee
Consists of doctors, pharmacists, nurses and other health care professionals whose responsibilites inclue reviewing medications for the formulary and providing guidlines for medication use throughout the institution.
acute
A sudden condition requiring immediate treatment is called a/an ______ condition.
temperature conversion
9c=5f-160
weight conversion
kg x 2.2 = lb or lb/2.2 = kg
prescriber profile
This includes state identification numbers and affiliations with facilities and insurers.
1/6
The pharmacuetical manufacturing industry devotes about ___ of its income to research and development.
10
The length of time from the beginning of development of a new drug to FDA approval is often more than __ years.
pharmacopeia
An authoritive listing of drugs and issues related to their use is called what?
Imhotep
The Egyptian God of Medicine
Panacea
The ancient Greek Goddess of Medicinal Herbs.
Wholesalers
Who provides inventory management systems to their customers as part of their service?
Watson and Crick
Identified the structures of DNA.
Hormones
Substances produced by the body to regulated bodily functions and processes.
Three
How many phases of testing in humans does the FDA require?
placebo
The inactive substance given in place of a medication in clinical trials is called what?
Pharmacuetically equivalent
Two drugs that have the same active ingredients, same dossage form, same route of administration and same strength are said to be what?
Recalls
_______ are listed in the weekly FDA Enforcement Report.
Secondary
Literature that containse general reference works based upon primary literature.
pacakge size
Last set of numbers in the NDC indicate what?
drug
Second set of numbers in the NDC indicate what?
enzyme
A complex protein that catalyzes chemical reactions into other substances.
psychological
The placebo effect is called a ______ variable.
7-8
This is the pH of an alkaline substance.
HEPA filter and a steril object.
Nothing must interupt the flow of air between the ___________.
quinapril
accupril
triamterene/htcz
dyazide
propoxyphene
darvocet
amitriptylene
elavil
ranitidine
zantac
fluoxetine
prozac
clonazepam
klonopin
fluticasone
flonase
paxil
paroxetine
clopidogrel
plavix
hydrocodone
vicodin, lortab, lorcet, norco
zolpidem
ambien
fluconazole
diflucan
pravastatin
pravachol
levothyroxine
synthroid
warfarin
coumadin
oxycodone
oxycontin
amlodipine
norvasc
verapamil
calan
ciprofloxacin
cipro
azithromycin
zithromax
cephalexin
keflex
gyburide
diabeta
atenolol
tenormin
albuterol
proventil
citalopram
celexa
glipizide
glucotrol
lisinopril
prinivil
carisoprodol
soma
potassium
k-dur
metformin
glucophage
cyclobenzaprine
flexeril
sertraline
zoloft
naproxen
naprosyn
gabapentin
neurontin
alprazolam
xanax
ativan
lorazepam
vasotec
enalapril
viagra
sildenafil
diovan
valsartan
lopressor
metoprolol tartrate
effexor xr
venlafaxine
levaquin
levofloxacin
altace
ramipril
zyloprim
allopurinol
singular
montelukast
toprol xl
metoprolol succinate
desyrel
trazadone
actos
pioglitazone
protonix
pantoprazole
zyrtec
cetirizine
celebrex
celecoxib
fosamax
alendronate
actonel
risedronate
prevacid
lansoprazole
zetia
exetimibe
lipitor
atorvastatin
lexapro
escitalopram
avandia
rosiglitazone
nexium
esomeprazole
zocor
simvastatin
tolerodine
detrol
methylphenidate
concerta
famotadine
pepcid
meloxicam
mobic
triamcinolone
kenalog
cymbalta
duloxetine
acyclovir
zovirax
niacin
niaspan
cialis
tadalafil
metaxalone
skelaxin
Etodolac
Lodine
terazosin
hytrin
buspirone
buspar
olmesartan
benicar
sumatriptan
imitrex
divaloprex
depakote
olanzapine
zyprexa
desloratadine
clarinex
phenazopyridine
pyridium
olopatadine
patanol
methotrexate
trexall
rosuvastatin
crestor
valacyclovir
valtrex
atomoxetine
strattera
glimepiride
amaryl
hydroxyzine
atarax
topiramate
topamax
IM
intramuscular
SC, sub-q
subcutaneous
ac
before meals
pc
after meals
qsad
add sufficient quanity
f, ft
make as
m
mix
mEq
milliequivalent
gtt
drop
mcg
micrograms
D5W
dextrose 5% water
elix
elixir
NS
normal saline
UNG
ointment
ATC
around the clock
ss
1/2, one-half
qam
every morning
qpm
every evening
qh
every hour
qd
every day
--azepam
anti-anxiety agents
--oxacin
antibiotics
--caine
local anesthetics
--cillin
penicillins
--peridol
antipsychotics
--vastatin
antihyperlipidemics
--olone
steroids
--thiazide
diuretics
--bamate
tranquilizers
--conazole
anti-fungals
ASHP
30,000 member association for pharmacists practicing in hospitals, HMOs, long-term care facilities, home care agencies and other health care systems. It is an accrediting organization for pharmacy residency and pharmacy technician training programs.
United States Pharmacopeia
A voluntary non-profit organization that sets standards for the manufacture and distribution of drugs and related to products in the United States. These standards are directly referred to by federal and state laws.
JCAHO (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health care Organizations)
A non-profit organization that establishes standards and monitors compliance for nearly twenty thousand health care programs in the United States, including hospitals, health care networks, HMOs and nursing homes.
ASCP (American Society for Consultant Pharmacists)
Sets standards for practice for pharmacists who provide medication distribution and consultatn services to nursing homes.
CMEA (Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act)
This federal law sets daily and monthly limits on OTC sale of pseudoephedrine and ephedrine.
Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914
This required that all manufacturers, importers and physicians prescribing narcotics be licensed and taxed.
OBRA (1990 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act)
Requires pharmacists to offer counseling to Medicaid patients.
legend
Drugs that require a prescription are referred to as ______ drugs.
MedWatch
This is the FDA reporting service for adverse effects that occur from use of approved drugs.
Erthrocytes
Red blood cells that trasport oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxidefrom the cells to the lungs.
Leukocytes
White blood cells that fight bacterial infections by producing antibodies.
hepa--
liver
hemat--, hemo--
blood
my--
muscle
osis--
increase
--itis
inflammation
--algia
pain
--oma
tumor
derma
skin
mast
breast
gastr
stomach
neur
nerve
neph, ren
kidney
cyst--
bladder
pulmon, pneum
lung
--osis
condition of
--ary
pertaining to
pect, pector
chest
para-
around
nas
nose
hyper
high
hypo
low
ocul, ophthalm
eye
otic, ot
ear
mycosis
fungal infection
--logy
study of
blephar
eyelid
iso--
equal
meta--
beyond, after, changing
--pathy
disease
antianginal
relieves heart pain
anticoagulant
dissolves or prevents blood clots
antispasmodic
relieves intestinal cramping
antiemetic
prevents nausea and vomiting
antipruritic
prevents and relieves itching
antihyperlipidemic
lowers high cholesterol levels
keratolytics
destroys hard skin layers such as warts
pyschotropic
changes mental state
hormones and modifiers
Insulins, estrogens and thyroid medications are all examples of this drug classification.
Respitory
Antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives and bronchodilators are all classifications of drugs used to treat disorders related to this system of the body.
Benzodiazepines
Sedatives are drugs that are intended to relax and calm. Antianxiety medications such as diazepam and chlordazepoxide are included in this group.
anemia
A decrease in hemoglobin or red blood cells. Hematopoietics are drugs that would be used to treat this condition.
--pril drugs (i.e Verapamil, Quinapril, Lisinopril)
ACE inhibitors
vasopressors
Classification of drugs that act to increase blood pressure.
myocardium
heart muscle
proventil and/or proair
albuterol hfa inhalers