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Pharmacology Drug prefixes/suffixes

Terms in this set (66)

-terol
Beta2 adrenergic agonists
Bronchodilator
-tropium
Anticholinergics
Bronchodilator
-phylline
Methylxanthines
Bronchodilator
-sone
Steroid (Glucocorticoids)
Antiinflammatory
-lukast
Leukotriene modifiers
Antiinflammatory
cromylyn
Mast cell stabilizers
Antiinflammatory
codine/hydrocodone
Antitussives (opioids)
Suppresses cough
Dextromethorphan, benzonatate (Tessalon), diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Antitussives (non-opioids)
Suppresses cough
guaifenesin (Mucinex)
Expectorants
Increases cough production through increasing mucous secretion
acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Mucolytics
Enhance flow of secretions in the respiratory passages
-ephedrine
Decongestants
Stimulate alpha1 adrenergic receptors causing reduction in the inflammation of the nasal membranes
-hydramine, -atadine, -zine
Antihistamine
Allergies
furosemide (Lasix)
Loop diuretic
Blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride and to prevent reabsorption of water at ascending loop of henle
-thiazide
Thiazide diuretics
Blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride and to prevent reabsorption of water at distal convoluted tubule
spironolactone (Aldactone)
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Blocks the action of aldosterone
mannitol (Osmitrol)
Osmotic diuretics
Reduce intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure by raising serum osmolality and drawing fluid back into the vascular and extravascular space
-pril
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Antihypertensive
Blocks conversion of angiotensin1 to angiotensin2
-sartan
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Antihypertensive
Block the action of angiotensin II causing vasodilation
eplerenone (Inspra), Spirolactone
Aldosterone antagonists
Antihypertensive
Blocks aldosterone promoting excretion of sodium and water
aliskiren (Tekturna)
Direct renin inhibitors
Antihypertensive
Binds with renin to inhibit production of angiotensin1 & 2 and aldosterone
-ipine, verapamil, diltiazem
Calcium channel blockers
Antihypertensive
Vasodilation
-azosine
Alpha adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics)
Antihypertensive
Vasodilation
clonidine (Catapres)
Centrally acting alpha2 agonists
Antihypertensive
Vasodilation, decreases HR, decreases CO
-lol
Beta adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics)
Antihypertension
Decreases HR, decreased contractility, decreased rate of conduction though the AV node
digoxin
Cardiac glycosides
For heart failure
Positive inotropic effect = increased force of myocardial contraction
Negative chronotropic effect = decreased HR
Catecholamines, epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine
Adrenergic agonists
For heart failure
nitroglycerin
Organic nitrates
For angina
Decreases preload which decreases cardiac oxygen demand
ranolazine
Antianginal agent
Lowers cardiac oxygen demand
-statin
HMG CO-A reductase inhibitors
Antilipemic
Decreases LDL, increases HDL
ezetimibe (Zetia)
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor
Antilipemic
Inhibits absorption of cholesterol secreted in the bile and from food
coles-
Bile-acid sequestrants
Antilipemic
Decreases LDL
Nicotinic acid, Niacin
Antilipemic
Decreases LDL and triglyceride levels
-fib-
Fibrates
Antilipemic
Decreases triglyceride and increase HDLs
heparin, -parin
Anticoagulants (parenteral)
Activating antithrombin
warfarin (Coumadin)
Anticoagulant (oral)
Antagonize vitamin K, thereby preventing the synthesis of coagulation factors
-rudin, -an
Direct thrombin inhibitors
Anticoagulant
Prevents clots from developing
rivaroxaban
Direct inhibitor of factor xa
Anticoagulant
aspirin
Antiplatelet/Salicylic
abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban
Antiplatelet/glycoprotein inhibitors
clopidogrel (Plavix)
Antiplatelet/ADP inhibitors
pentoxifylline, dipyridamole, cilostazol
Antiplatelet/arterial vasodilator
-eplase
Thrombolytic
Dissolves clots
-prazole
Proton pump inhibitors
Peptic ulcer disease/GERD
Reduces gastric secretions
sucralfate
Mucosal protectant
Peptic ulcer disease/GERD
Coats the ulcer
aluminum hydroxide, aluminum carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate
Antacids
Peptic ulcer disease/GERD
Neutralizes gastric acid and inactivate pepsin
misoprostol (Cytotec)
Prostaglandin E analog
Peptic ulcer disease/GERD
Decrease acid production, increases bicarbonate and mucus, promote vasodilation
psyllium, docusate sodium, bisacodyl, magnesium hydroxide, senna, lactulose
Laxatives
diphenoxylate plus atropine (Lomotil), lopermide (Imodium), paregoric
Antidiarrheals
Decrease intestinal motility and to increase absorption of fluid and sodium
metoclopramide (Reglan)
Prokinetic agents
Controls nausea and vomiting by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in the CTZ
alosetron (Lotronex)
IBS-D
lubiprostone (Amitiza)
IBS-C
Ferrous sulfate
Iron preparations
cyanocobalamin
Vitamin B12
Aloe
Topical antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and cathartic
Black cohosh
Estrogen substitute
Echinacea
Stimulates the immune system
Feverfew
Can block platelet aggregation
Garlic
Blocks LDLs and raises HDLs
Suppresses platelet aggregation and disrupts coagulation
Ginger root
Relieves vertigo and nausea
Increases intestinal motility
Increases gastric mucous production
Decreases GI spasms
Anti-inflammatory
Suppresses platelet aggregation
Treats morning sickness, motion sickness, nausea from surgery
Decreases pain and stiffness of RA
Ginkgo biloba
Promotes vasodilation (decreases leg pain from occlusive arterial disorders)
Decreases platelet aggregation
Decreases bronchospasm
Increases blood flow to the brain
Glucosamine
Stimulates cells to make cartilage and synovial fluid
Suppresses inflammation of the joints and cartilage degradation
Kava
SHOULD BE AVOIDED - causes liver injury
Promotes sleep
Decreases anxiety
Promotes muscle relaxation without affecting concentration
Ma Huang (Ephedra Sinica)
Suppresses appetite
Weight loss
Constricts arterioles
Bronchodilates (treats colds, influenza, and allergies)
St. John's Wort
Affects serotonin, producing antidepressant (for mild depression)
Relieves pain and inflammation
Applied topically for infection
Saw Palmetto
Decreases prostate symptoms of hyperplasia
Valerian
Increases GABA to prevent insomnia
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