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Integumentary, Muscular, Skeletal Systems Test Review

Terms in this set (97)

Homeostasis
the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions
A function of the skeletal system is to shape
and support the body
A function of the skeletal system is to protect
internal organs
A function of the skeletal system is to attach
to bone for movement
A function of the skeletal system is to make
blood cells
A function of the skeletal system is to
store calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P)
Red blood cells, WBCs, and platelets are made in
bone marrow
The part of the bone that is light weight but adds strength is
spongy bone
Minerals (Ca and P) are deposited in
compact bone
The part that acts as a cushion between bones is
cartilage
The part that covers, protects, and has blood vessels and nerves is
periosteum
The type of bone cell that deposits calcium and phosphorus is
osteoblasts
The type of bone cell that removes calcium and phosphorus is
osteoclasts
The tissue that attaches bones is
ligaments
The tissue that attaches muscle to bone is
tendons
An example of nerve tissue is
your brain
Examples of epithelial tissue are
the lining of the nose, throat, stomach and intestines
Examples of muscle tissue are
your biceps, triceps, quadriceps, and glute
Examples of connective tissues are
bone, fat, and cartilage
An example of epithelial tissue is
skin
Examples of connective tissue are
ligaments, tendons, and periosteum
The hip joint is
ball and socket
The cranium is
immovable
The knee joint is
hinge
The wrist joint is
gliding and pivot
The pelvis joint is
immovable
The neck joint is
pivot
The shoulder joint is
ball and socket
The vertebrae joint is
gliding
The elbow joint is
hinge
Osteoporosis
is the condition in which bones become weak and brittle, and then break
Joint
is a place where two bones meet
Synovial
fluid lubricates joints to decrease friction
Skeletal muscle is
voluntary, striated; attaches to bone for movement; reacts and tires quickly
Smooth muscle is
involuntary, not striated; found in many organs, reacts and tires slowly
Cardiac muscle is
involuntary, striated, does not tire ; found only in the heart
Location of skeletal muscle is
attached to bones by tendons
Location of smooth muscle is
inside many internal organs
Location of cardiac muscle is
the heart
Some actions of smooth muscles are
digest food, move blood through vessels, and fill bladder with urine
Some actions of skeletal muscles are
walking, raising hand, writing, kicking, climbing
The cardiac muscle is similar to smooth muscles because
they are both involuntary and tire slowly/do not tire
The cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle because
They are both striated
Muscles work in pairs because
they only have one action: to pull
When one muscle is contracted
one muscle is relaxed
Warm up before exercising
to prevent injuries
A function of the skin is to cover
the body and prevent water loss
A function of the skin it to protect
from injury and infection
A function of the skin is to
regulate body temperature
A function of the skin is to eliminate
waste
A function of the skin is to gather
information about the environment
A function of the skin is to produce
vitamin D
When hot, the skin maintains homeostasis by
perspiration/sweating, vessels enlarge
When cold, the skin maintains homeostasis by
goosebumps on the skin
The dermis contains blood
vessels
The dermis contains
nerves
The dermis contains oil/
sebaceous glands
The dermis contains sweat
glands
The dermis contains hair
and hair follicles
Keep skin healthy by eating
properly
Keep skin healthy by drinking
plenty of water
Keep skin healthy by limiting
sun exposure
Keep skin healthy by
cleaning it
Movable Joint
can move and include elbow, knee, wrist, and ankle
Immovable Joint
cannot move, bones are fixed/fused and include the cranium
Pivot Joint
one bone rotated in a ring of another stationary bone: neck
Hinge
allows back and forth movement like a door: elbow, knee, finger, toes
Ball and Socket
rounded end of the bone fits into a cup-like cavity on another bone: hip, shoulder
Gliding
one part of bone slides over another: wrist, ankle
What makes bones strong
calcium and phosphorus
One Function of the muscular system is to allow for
body movement when attached to bone
Another Function of the muscular system allows for movement of some
internal organs such as heart and intestines
The muscular system provides
strength, posture, balance and body heat
Voluntary muscles
can be controlled
Involuntary muscles
cannot be controlled
The greatest amount of muscle type
skeletal
Examples of smooth muscle
digestive organs, blood vessels, bladder
Examples of striated muscles
skeletal: biceps, triceps, quadriceps; cardiac
Epithelial Cells
cover and protect both internal and external body surfaces (skin, organ lining)
Muscle Cells
provide movement (skeletal, cardiac, smooth)
Connective
supports joints and binds together various other tissues (adipose, bone, cartilage, blood)
Nervous
helps you respond to stimuli, coordinate movement and keep you informed about your surroundings (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves)
Sebaceous glands
produce oil that makes hair and skin waterproof; allows us to grip things
How do the skeletal and muscular systems work together?
Muscles attach to bone which contract and relax for movement in coordinating pairs. One muscle contracts while the opposite muscle relaxes.
vitamin D
helps the body absorb calcium which is necessary to make bones strong; made in the Epidermis layer
During sweating, the human body excretes
salt and water
define epidermis layer of the skin
where new skin cells are formed
define dermis layer of the skin
excrete wastes (sebaceous glands) and cool the body (sweat glands)
define subcutaneous layer of the skin
anchors the skin to tissues beneath, insulates with fatty layer
.Funciton of Skin
Protects the body from injury, disease and Sun
Function of Nails
Protects the tips of the fingers and toes from injury and can be used as tools
Function of Hair
To maintain body heat
Function of Sweat Glands
to excrete waste and to regulate body temperature
Sebaceous Gland
secretes oil (sebum) to keep skin flexible, water poof, and improves our ability to grasp objects
How does the integumentary system maintain homeostasis?
sweating to cool the body, goose bumps to warm the body; skin cells produce melanin to protect you from the sun
How does the muscular system maintain homeostasis?
cells get bigger as you use them
How does the skeletal system maintain homeostasis?
produces more red blood cells when they are needed, bones fuse together as you grow to become stronger
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