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History Test

Terms in this set (49)

1st Amendment
freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, assembly
2nd Amendment
right to bear arms
3rd Amendment
freedom from quartering troops
4th Amendment
protection against unreasonable search and seizure
5th Amendment
trial by jury, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, due process of law
6th Amendment
impartial jury, speedy trial, notification of charges
7th Amendment
right to trial by jury in civil cases
8th Amendment
protection from excessive bails/fines, and cruel/unusual punishment
9th Amendment
rights of the people
10th Amendment
powers reserved to the states and the people
What are the three parts the amendments are divided into?
1-12 are known as personal liberty amendments, 13-15 are known as the Civil War amendments, 16-27 are known as the 20th century amendments,
What are the three parts the constitution is divided into?
the preamble, the 7 articles, and the 27 amendments
despite the weakness of the articles of confederation, what two benefits came from how the delegates chose to deal with the western lands?
The Land Ordinance of 1785 established a plan for surveying the land west of the Appalachians &
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 divided the lands territories and set requirements for admission of new states
After the Revolutionary War Americans started moving west across the Appalachian Mountains to land known as the...
Northwest Territory. This land was north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River.
When did the United States government send men to survey?
1785
What are the three stages to becoming a state?
1. Congress would appoint a territorial governor
2. When a territory had 5,000 voting residents, the settlers could write a temporary constitution and elect their own government
3. When the territory reached 60,000 residents they could write a state constitution to be approved by Congress
What are the Articles of Confederations weaknesses?
• It lacked national unity
• Congress did not recognize pop differences
• Changed could only be made unanimously
• Congress could not tax to pay off war debt
• Congress could not regulate interstate or foreign trade
• No executive or judicial branch
What was the nations main problem?
Interstate trade
Who called for a meeting to discuss the nations problems?
James Madison and Alexander Hamilton
Who was planning to revolt?
Daniel Shays, a farmer in MA (who had heavy debt)
Shays and 1200 other men marched toward Springfield where they were met by the militia. How many of his men were killed?
4 of Shays men were killed and the rest were scattered
Shays Rebellion caused...
panic and anxiety across the nation
What was needed to solve the nations problems?
a stronger national government
A new convention in Philadelphia was called to revise the AoC and all states except Rhode Island sent delegates. Who was elected to be the presiding officer of the convention?
George Washington
One big issue faced was how to give both large and small states...
fair representation
who proposed the Virginia Plan with a bicameral legislature (lower and upper house) based on population (Strongly supported by large states)
James Madison & Edmund Randolph
who proposed the New Jersey Plan with a unicameral legislature where each state had one vote strongly supported by small states.
William Patterson
who suggested the Great Compromise which offered a bicameral legislature. Each state would have equal representation in the Senate and representation based on population in the House
Roger Sherman
what is the 3/5 compromise?
allowed 3/5 of a states slaves to be counted as population for representation and taxation purposes
what is the slave trade compromise?
the delegates decided to put off the issue of slavery for the future, but agreed that the slave trade would end in 1808
What is the legislative branch?
makes laws- congress
What is the executive branch?
enforces laws
What is the judicial branch?
made up of the court system.
what led the delegates to create a complex method for electing the president? (Electoral college)
Distrust of popular sovereignty
what is the electoral college?
choose a number of electors who would cast ballots for candidates, made up electors # of senators # of reps
How long did the delegates spend drafting the constitution?
4 months
What did the constitution establish?
a government based on limited government, separation of powers, and checks and balances
What is limited government?
the principle that even government must obey a set of laws and respect the rights of citizens.
What did the separation of powers do?
divided authority to govern by the different branches of government. This idea came from Montesquieu, a French philosopher who believed good governments had separate branches that had their own jobs, but also worked together.
What did checks and balances do?
allow each branch to check the powers of the other two. This keeps anyone branch from becoming too powerful.
What did ratification require?
9 out of 13 states must approve
Why did supporters of the ratification call themselves federalists?
they favored the balance of power by the state and national government
Their opponents came to be called the Anti federalists because...
they opposed having a very strong national government
Who were the leading federalists?
George Washington, James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton
who were the leading anti federalists?
Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Richard Henry Lee
What are The Federalist Papers?
a series of 85 essays to explain the principles found in the Constitution written by the federalists
What was the main argument of the anti federalists?
the constitution had no bill of rights to protect the people and they refused to ratify until it was added.
In 1789 congress submitted 12 amendments and by 1791...
10 amendments were agreed upon
The first 8 included personal liberties and the last 2 imposed limits on...
the national government
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...