Nutrition - Chapter 4

2 carbohydrates
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Terms in this set (16)
2 carbohydrates
Glucose and its storage form of glycogen - receive carbs from these
Monosaccharides
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose - 6 C, 12 H, 6 O, differ in sweetness - same formula but different structures
Glucose - blood sugar apart of every disaccharide
Fructose - sweetest
Galactose - only in small amounts
Disaccharides
Maltose - 2 glucose
Sucrose - Fructose and glucose - table sugar
Lactose - galactose and glucose - in milk
Hydrolysis
one molecule splits into 2 when water splits
Condensation
linking of 2 molecules
Polysaccharides
Glycogen - animals in the liver
and Starch - plants - gets digested
and fibers - plants - does not get digested
Different types of fibers
Soluble fibers - dissolve in water and form gels are fermentable and lower cholesterol and protect against heart disease
Insoluble - do not dissolve, do not form gels and are less fermented - grains
Functional fibers - have beneficial health effects
Resistant starches - escape digestion and absorption in the small intestine of healthy people
Phytic acid - not a dietary fiber, found in rich fiber foods - found in seeds
Lactose Intolerance
When more lactose is consumed than the available lactase can handle, lactose molecules remain in the intestine undigested
Carbohydrate Digestion
Begins in the mouth and most of it occurs in the small intestine
Blood Glucose
Insulin - moves glucose from the blood into the cells, is released in response to high blood sugar
Glucagon - brings glucose out of storage when necessary, glucagon raises blood glucose by signaling the liver to break down stored glycogen
Epinephrine - increases blood glucose under stress
Type 1 Diabetesless common, pancreas fails to produce insulin autoimmune disease - injection form medicineType 2 Diabetescells fail to respond to insuline - occurs because of obesitySugar Alcohols"sugar free" or reduced kcal - they occur naturally in fruits and begins - do not contribute to dental hygieneKetosisAn undersirable high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood or urineGluconeogenesis?Major role of carbohydrate in the diet...