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PSY 309 - Chapter 7

Terms in this set (30)

1. Harriet hears a noise in the kitchen and investigates. She finds the cookie jar in pieces on the floor and 5-year-old Willy standing nearby. Harriet knows what happened, but asks Willy anyway. Willy admits that he broke the jar while trying to get cookies. Harriet gives Willy a spanking. Willy is most likely to learn from this experience that ____.

A. it doesn't pay to tell the truth
B. cookies are scary
C. his mother doesn't like him
D. the kitchen is an unsafe place for little boys
A. it doesn't pay to tell the truth
2. All of the following enhance the effectiveness of punishment except ____.

A. using strong punishers
B. withholding reinforcement of the punished behavior
C. punishing immediately
D. increasing the reinforcer deprivation level
D. increasing the reinforcer deprivation level
3. Of the following procedures, the one that reinforces behavior that cannot be performed at the same time as the unwanted behavior is ____.

A. DRZ
B. DRI
C. DRL
D. DRA
B. DRI
4. Murray Sidman's book on aversive control, including punishment, is called ____.

A. Coercion and Its Fallout
B. Aversive Control Today
C. The Punitive Society
D. The End of Punishment
A. Coercion and Its Fallout
5. The word positive in positive punishment refers to the fact that ____.

A. something is added
B. something positive is removed
C. the results are positive
D. the procedure is used with good intentions
A. something is added
6. Generally speaking, the more intense a punisher, the ____.

A. less it suppresses behavior
B. more it suppresses behavior
C. more important it is to have the response on extinction
D. less important the reinforcement history
B. more it suppresses behavior
7. David Camp and colleagues found that, compared to a two-second delay in punishment, a 30-second delay resulted in ____.

A. slightly greater response suppression
B. slightly less response suppression
C. about half as much response suppression
D. about twice as much response suppression
C. about half as much response suppression
8. David Camp and colleagues found that even a delay of only ____ reduced the effectiveness of a punisher. ____.

A. 2 seconds
B. 5 seconds
C. 10 seconds
D. 15 seconds
A. 2 seconds
9. Of the following, the person who most approved of the use of punishment was probably ____.

A. Skinner
B. Thorndike
C. Franklin
D. Machiavelli
D. Machiavelli
10. Each time Charles, who has a lisp, says "Mithithippi" or the like, his wife, Evelyn, yells, "Idiot!" However, there is no evidence that Evelyn's efforts to reduce the frequency of such mispronunciations have been effective. We can therefore conclude that ____.

A. Charles's behavior is being positively reinforced
B. Charles's behavior has not been punished
C. Evelyn's efforts to punish Charles's behavior have actually reinforced it
D. Charles is lisping deliberately to annoy Evelyn
B. Charles's behavior has not been punished
11. Positive punishment is most often confused with ____.

A. negative punishment
B. negative reinforcement
C. aversion therapy
D. counterconditioning
B. negative reinforcement
12. When disciplining their son, Jacob, Mr. and Ms Grinch begin with an extremely mild form of punishment and gradually increase its strength if the offenses continue. This procedure is likely to result in ____.

A. violent outbursts from Jacob
B. confusing Jacob
C. the use of excessively strong aversives
D. a rapid suppression of the unwanted behavior
C. the use of excessively strong aversives
13. Farmer Gable had a problem with motorcyclists riding across his meadow land, tearing up sod and frightening his cattle. He installed barbed wire fencing in the area and no longer had a problem. Gable's approach is best described as an example of ____.

A. response prevention
B. extinction
C. differential reinforcement
D. punishment
A. response prevention
14. When a student repeatedly behaves in an inappropriate way, probably the teacher's first step should be to ____.

A. have the child tested by the school psychologist
B. develop a plan for applying punishment
C. use differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
D. try to discover what is reinforcing the behavior
D. try to discover what is reinforcing the behavior
15. Any event that follows a behavior and makes that behavior less likely to occur is called a ____.

A. positive reinforcer
B. negative reinforcer
C. punisher
D. punishment
C. punisher
16. If Charles Catania's thinking about reinforcement is applied to punishment, we can say that all of the following are true of punishment except ____.

A. a behavior must have a consequence
B. the consequence of the behavior must be negative
C. a behavior must decrease in strength
D. the decrease in strength must be the result of the behavior's consequence
B. the consequence of the behavior must be negative
17. In the school year, 2004-2005, public school teachers or staff paddled ____.

A. 50,000 students
B. over 100,000 students
C. early 150,000 students
D. more than 250,000 students
D. more than 250,000 students
18. Differential reinforcement is best used in combination with ____.

A. punishment
B. negative reinforcement
C. extinction
D. response prevention
C. extinction
19. Research has shown that abnormal behavior is often ____.

A. the result of unconscious urges
B. an inappropriate way of obtaining appropriate reinforcers
C. due to the misuse of punishment
D. an effort to punish others
B. an inappropriate way of obtaining appropriate reinforcers
20. The correct term for a stimulus that acts as a punisher is ____.

A. asbestive
B. admonitor
C. adversive
D. aversive
D. aversive
21. John gives his dog, Alfie (a yap hound), a bit of food whenever it goes 30 seconds without barking. Gradually, John increases the amount of quiet time required to earn food until finally the dog will go for hours without a yap. The procedure John used is best described as ____.

A. extinction
B. differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
C. differential reinforcement of zero responding
D. non contingent reinforcement
C. differential reinforcement of zero responding
22. One problem with extinction as a way of reducing the frequency of potentially harmful behavior is that ____.

A. the behavior on extinction sometimes increases at first
B. the results are not durable
C. it is not covered by medical insurance
D. ultimately, it makes the problem worse
A. the behavior on extinction sometimes increases at first
23. Negative punishment is also sometimes called ____ training.

A. escape
B. penalty
C. withdrawal
D. subtraction
B. penalty
24. If a rat receives a shock each time it presses a lever, but not otherwise, we can say that ____.

A. the rate of lever pressing will decrease, then increase
B. the shock will reduce the frequency of lever pressing
C. shock is contingent on lever pressing
D. lever pressing and shock are contiguous
C. shock is contingent on lever pressing
25. Delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to ____.

A. reduce its effectiveness
B. increase its effectiveness
C. have no impact on its effectiveness
D. have variable and unpredictable effects on its effectiveness
A. reduce its effectiveness
26. The two-process theory of punishment assumes that punishment involves ____.

A. positive and negative reinforcement
B. Pavlovian and operant learning
C. positive and negative punishment
D. reward training and escape training
B. Pavlovian and operant learning
27. The one-process theory of punishment goes back to ____.

A. Thorndike
B. Watson
C. Skinner
D. Pavlov
A. Thorndike
28. The first formal studies of punishment were probably done by ____.

A. Thorndike
B. Watson
C. Rosalie Rayner
D. Pavlov
A. Thorndike
29. Punishers are defined by ____.

A. society at large
B. experts in the field
C. their effects on behavior
D. their intensity
C. their effects on behavior
30. The use of punishers is so common that ____ concluded that "The world runs on fear."

A. Jack Nicholson
B. Jack Robinson
C. Jack Michaels
D. Jack Sprat
C. Jack Michaels
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