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Final Exam Review: Part 1

Terms in this set (55)

Cultural Diffusion
The spreading of cultural ideas from its hearth to other areas. Example: Islam spreading into North Africa
Ethnic Group
A group with similar culture and language. Example: The Hutu's from the Congo of Africa.
Race
The biological differences between people.
Globalization
The spreading of an idea or item around the entire globe.
Cultural Solidarity
A culture keeping its own characteristics. Example: Ethiopia.
Gender Roles
Behavior that is deemed appropriate for each sex based on cultural values. In traditional societies like the Middle East women are usually subservient to (below) men in social settings.
Ethnic Conflict
When ethnic groups fight. Example: Hutu's and Tutsi in Central and East Africa or Middle Eastern conflicts, like the Israelis and Palestinians.
Cultural Convergence
When cultural groups blend.
Dialect
A particular form of language for a small group. Example: People who speak using specific words that are different from the main language.
Language Diffusion
When languages spread. Example: The Americas predominately speak English, Spanish and Portuguese.
Top 5 Religions
Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism
Monotheistic
The belief in one God.
Animistic Religion
Traditional beliefs in nature spirits.
Atheism
A belief that there is no God.
Convert
Someone who has switched religions. Christianity, Islam and Buddhism actively seek to get people to switch to their religion.
Christianity
A religion that is divided into three parts: Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox. it was founded by Jesus of Nazareth. The Catholic Church is led by the Pope, while the other branches do not answer to the Pope.
Islam
A religion that requires believers to pray 5 times a day and worship Allah. It was founded by the prophet Muhammad and is based on the Qur'an and Five Pillars (Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Giving, and Pilgrimage)
Judaism
The oldest monotheistic religion in the world, that is mostly followed by people of Hebrew or Jewish descent. It was founded by Abraham and their sacred book is the Torah.
Hinduism
A polytheistic religion that believes in reincarnation and karma, and is heavily influenced by magic and superstition. It is primarily found in India, but has no specific founder or set of teachings and varies greatly in its practice.
Buddhism
A religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama and encourages living a moral life, based on the teachings of the 4 Noble Truths and the Eight-Fold Path.While it started in India it is primarily practiced in East Asia.
World Population
More than 7 billion people.
Anti-Natal
When a country wants to decrease their fertility rate. (Have less children) because of concerns of overpopulation.
One Child Policy
China's method for trying to decrease their population from 1970 to just recently.
Infant Mortality Rate
Amount of children out of 1000 who die before they reach 12 months. This number can be high in a country if they have poor healthcare or are going through a war or famine.
Urbanization
The increase of people living in cities.
Megacities
Cities with more than 10 million people, like Tokyo, New York City, and Rio de Janeiro.
Push Factors
Reasons for people to migrate out of an area. Example: war and famine.
Pull Factors
Reasons for people to migrate towards an area. Example: jobs and resources.
Imperialism
When a more powerful country takes over a less powerful one and imposes its culture on it. Example: When Europe took over Africa or Latin America
Democracy
A government that gives the people a voice, either directly or indirectly.
Monarchy
A government with a king or queen whose power is inherited.
Dictatorship
A government where one person has complete control. This usually means poor treatment of the people.
Communism
A government that believes in total equality for all citizens and all decisions are made by the government - which usually means very little individual freedom for citizens.
Command Economy
An economy that is run by the government.
Market Economy
An economy that is based on supply and demand and the people control the prices of goods and services.
Suburbs
An area outside of the city that is mostly residential.
Megalopolis
When several urban areas spread together into one massive urban area like Washington D.C. to New York City.
Urban Sprawl
When a city spreads in a random pattern without planning.
Infrastructure
The essential systems of a city like electricity, plumbing, and sewage.
Oligarchy
When power is held by an elite few, whose interests are usually protected by the military.
Polytheism
Belief in many gods or goddesses.
Agnosticism
A belief that there might be a god, but you are uncertain of his role to you or the world.
Commodity
An item that is traded for profit like coffee or sugar.
Sector Model
created around city transportation.
An example is Seattle, Washington
Concentric Zone Model
Residential zoning is determined by income, where the poor live near the city center and the rich live in the suburbs outside the city.
An example is Chicago, Illinois
Latin America Spine Model
Usually has a very wealthy city center, but is surrounded by squatter settlements. An example is Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Multiple Nuclei Model
Unique in that it has one main CBD, but has several smaller ones on the outskirts of the city. This is usually the product of Urban Sprawl.
An example of this is Atlanta, Georgia
Central Business District
This is the area of an urban model where the majority of commerce takes place. It is usually the most important and influential part of a city.
Indirect or Representative Democracy
A type of government where the people vote on leaders to represent them in government matters. An example would be the United States.
Elongated State
A country that is usually long and narrow. Chile is an example.
Compact State
A country that the distance from the center to the border does not vary greatly. Germany is an example.
Fragmented State
A country that contains one or more disconnected pieces of territory. The United States or Indonesia is an example.
The Jewish Nation
Are a group of people that have been without a homeland for almost 2,000 years, until 1948 when after they were given their "promised land" of Israel.
Rural
the countryside. Development is usually very spread out.
Time-Space Compression
The change in time it takes to get places because of technology, like the car or airplane.
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