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ODU DH Pharmacology Final

Terms in this set (29)

drug
any chemical compound us on or administered to humans/animals as an aid in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease or abnormal condition, for the relief of pain or suffering or to control or improve any physiologic or pathologic condition
generic name
official name of drug selected by US adopted name counsil; developed according to the principles of safety, consistency, and logic
a/b rating
generic drugs submit an abbreviated new drug app once the patent on the trade name expires; has to be proven therapeutically equivalent to trade product if the generic has met the criteria of pharmaceutical equivalence, bioequivalence, labeling, and good manufacturing practices
medication/health history
Do you take any medications with or without a prescription?
Do you have any allergies to medication? (what happened?)
Patient should bring in meds, or a list of their meds
role of DH in pharmacology
medication administration, appointment scheduling, information sharing, medical emergencies
minimum effective concentration (MEC)
level below which therapeutic effects will not occur
minimum toxic concentration (MTC)
level above which toxic effects begin
therapeutic index/range
MTC-MEC
side effect
adverse reaction that is predictable, dose-related, acts on non-target organs
idiosyncratic
genetically related abnormal drug response
toxic reaction
adverse reaction that is predictable, dose-related, acts on target organs, extension of the drug's pharmacological effect
allergic reaction
adverse reaction that is not predictable, not does-related
type I allergic reaction
IgE mediated; anaphylaxis, rhinitis, asthma, urticaria
type II allergic reaction
IgG or IgM; cytotoxic reaction, penicillin induced hemolytic anemia
type III allergic reaction
IgG; arthrus reaction, serum sickness, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, fever; usually penicillin
type IV allergic reaction
delayed hypersensitivity; contact dermatitis, mediated by lymphocytes and macrophages
drug food interactions
grapefruit-increase plasma blood levels of antibiotics, benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, and warfin
diary products-lower blood levels and decrease absorption of tetracyclin
enteral route of drug administration
placed directly into GI tract; oral or rectal
parenteral route of drug administration
bypasses GI tract; injection, inhalation, and topical
advantages of oral administration
convenient and easy to use
most widely accepted
small intestine provides a large area for drug absorption
disadvantages of oral administration
slow onset of action
GI adverse reactions
less predictable blood levels
advantages of rectal administration
good for pt. that are vomiting/unconscious
used for local or systemic effects
disadvantages of rectal administration
poor patient acceptance
poor and irregular absorption
advantages of intravenous administration
most rapid drug response
immediate onset of action
bypass absorption phase
predictable drug response
good for emergency situation
disadvantages of intravenous administration
phlebitis
local irritability
drug irretrievability
absorption
transport of drug molecules from the site of administration to the circulating blood; influenced by dose form (liquid is right away; tablets and capsules have to be broken down)
distribution
passage of drug in target, non-target organs, plasma, interstitial fluids, intracellular fluids, brain, placenta, and enterohepatic circulation; influenced by size of organ, drug solubility, plasma protein binding, and presence of barriers
metabolism
active to inactive
active to second active
inactive to active
factors that influence metabolism
age
genetically determined differences
pregnancy
pathology
time of delay
environment
diet
alcohol
drug interactions
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