Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Business Law Chapter 40

Terms in this set (24)

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created by Congress to
a. consolidate environmental regulations under one agency.
b. protect corporate investors.
c. prevent conflicts between the Departments of Commerce and Interior.
d. eliminate discrimination.
a. consolidate environmental regulations under one agency.
Under the Clean Air Act
a. states and the EPA were to act as partners wherein the individual states would formulate state implementation plans to meet primary and secondary standards created by the EPA.
b. the EPA formulated primary and secondary standards for air pollution; however, the individual states were not required to comply with these standards if they already had reasonable state statutes or regulations in place.
c. the states were required to follow the guidelines established by the EPA and did not have the authority to create their own state plans for implementing the federal standards.
d. state laws or regulations preempt or take precedence over the guidelines promulgated by the EPA.
a. states and the EPA were to act as partners wherein the individual states would formulate state implementation plans to meet primary and secondary standards created by the EPA.
What prevents the market system from achieving a clean environment on its own?
a. Externalities.
b. Inefficiently managed business.
c. Remainders.
d. SIPs.
a. Externalities.
Those who violate environmental laws
a. may be subject to criminal penalties if they violate certain statutes of the EPA.
b. are liable only for civil damages.
c. rarely receive punishment due to the lack of any strong structure of federal regulation.
d. may face criminal charges, but not imprisonment.
a. may be subject to criminal penalties if they violate certain statutes of the EPA
Which of the following is NOT a provision of the Clean Air Act?
a. Establishment of national ambient air quality standards
b. Prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) program
c. Regulation of stationary sources
d. Consolidation of environmental regulation under one agency
d. Consolidation of environmental regulation under one agency
In considering what is navigable waters, the Supreme Court ruled that
a. the definition of navigable water must inclue all ponds and lakes even if they are not connected to open bodies of water.
b. waterways confined to one state can be navigable water if pollutants can leak into drinking water.
c. the definition of navigable water excludes intermittent streams or wetlands.
d. all waterways including wetlands, intermittent streams, and ponds are all navigable waters.
c. the definition of navigable water excludes intermittent streams or wetlands.
Which program was designed as a method for limiting air pollutants in an economically efficient manner by allowing enterprises to sell its leftover emissions allowance to other companies or stockpile it for future use?
a. The Kyoto Protocol
b. Cap and Trade
c. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
d. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
b. Cap and Trade
What is the goal of the Superfund?
a. To create a market-based system for reducing emmissions
b. To set national ambient air quality standards
c. To clean up hazardous wastes that were illegally dumped in the past
d. To require shipowners to pay for damage caused by oil discharged from their ships
c. To clean up hazardous wastes that were illegally dumped in the past
Which of the following is a heat source of water pollution?
a. Discharge from a household water pipe
b. An oil spill into a body of water
c. Stormwater run-off that carries pollutants
d. Water that has been used as a coolant and returned to the waterways
d. Water that has been used as a coolant and returned to the waterways
Which of the following statements regarding automobile pollution is true?
a. If states do not adopt their own set of automobile pollution standards, they must abide by those of the federal government.
b. California and New York are the only two states with separate automobile pollution standards.
c. States have the right to adopt California standards instead of federal rules.
d. Because of federal standards, motor vehicles are no longer a major source of air pollution.
c. States have the right to adopt California standards instead of federal rules.
Coastal City Power Plant received its annual sulfur dioxide emission allowance. Because it is using a low-sulfur fuel which burns cleaner than some fuels, it does not need its entire allowance this year. In this instance, Coastal City Power
a. loses whatever unused allowance it has for the year.
b. may sell its leftover allowance to another company.
c. will not be regulated by an allowance next year since it was within its allowance for this year.
d. will only avoid future regulation if it signs an agreement to continue using either low-sulfur coal or natural gas in the future.
b. may sell its leftover allowance to another company.
Sam, the chief executive officer of Boch Industries, was prosecuted for violating the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Which of the following is correct concerning the penalties?
a. Sam cannot be criminally prosecuted for violating this statue.
b. Sam faces criminal fines as well as imprisonment.
c. Sam faces only criminal fines.
d. The only remedy Sam faces is an injunction to prevent further violations.
b. Sam faces criminal fines as well as imprisonment.
Congress established a trust fund for the EPA to use in Superfund cleanup. This trust fund was initially financed by a tax on what?
a. The general public through federal income taxes
b. Waste management and landfill operators
c. The construction industry
d. The oil and chemical industries
d. The oil and chemical industries
Under Superfund legislation, to what extent must a hazardous waste site be cleaned?
a. Reasonable conditions under the circumstances.
b. A safe level for the area in which it is located.
c. Pristine condition, regardless of cost.
d. To the condition of the property before the hazardous waste was dumped on it.
c. Pristine condition, regardless of cost.
James owned real estate. He leased the building to two tenants. An insurance agent leased the first floor and a law firm leased the second floor. James later sold the land to Mary, who used the entire building for her business. She discovered that there were hazardous material storage tanks buried in the land. She had to remove the tanks and then sued James and the former tenants for the cost of removing the tanks, even though none of them knew the tanks had been there.
a. James and the two tenants are liable.
b. James is liable to Mary, but the tenants are not.
c. The tenants are liable to Mary, but James is not.
d. Neither James nor the tenants are liable to Mary.
b. James is liable to Mary, but the tenants are not.
Sets with similar terms