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PSYC 301 Chapter 12

Terms in this set (72)

Which of the following characterize the disorder known as schizophrenia?
a. Delusions and hallucinations

b. Inappropriate emotions

c. Disorganized speech and behavior
d. All of these
d
According to statistical data the prevalence of schizophrenia is about ____ percent.
a. 0.01
b. 1

c. 5

d. 10
b
In the 1800s, physicians studying the disorder we now call schizophrenia used the term ________ because they observed that the onset of symptoms often occurred before adulthood.
a. adolescent insanity
b. folie à deux

c. catatonia previa

d. dementia praecox
d
Which of the following is the definition of catatonia?
a. Silly and immature behavior

b. Early madness

c. Immobility or agitated excitement

d. Delusions of grandeur or persecution
c
Which of the following is the part of Kraepelin's definition of paranoia?
a. Silly and immature behavior

b. Early madness

c. Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
d. Delusions of grandeur or persecution
d
Which of the following is the definition for hebephrenia?
a. Silly and immature behavior

b. Early madness

c. Alternating immobility and agitated excitement
d. Delusions of grandeur or persecution
a
In the late 1800s, the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin made all of the following contributions to our knowledge of schizophrenia EXCEPT
a. distinguished dementia praecox (schizophrenia) from manic-depressive illness.

b. noted that hallucinations, delusions, and negativism were symptoms of dementia praecox (schizophrenia).
c. combined several symptoms of insanity (catatonia, paranoia, hebephrenia) that had usually been viewed as reflecting separate and distinct disorders.
d. conceptualized a treatment for patients with schizophrenia that is still being used today.
d
The term schizophrenia was introduced about 1908 by a Swiss psychiatrist named
a. Emil Kraepelin.
b. Sigmund Freud.
c. Eugen Bleuler.

d. Phillipe Pinel.
c
If an individual is diagnosed as psychotic, it usually means that the person has
a. hallucinations.
b. delusions.

c. both of these

d. neither of these
c
In the textbook case of Arthur, he said that he had a "secret plan to save all the starving children in the world." After Arthur showed other bizarre behavior and said he was going to climb the fence of a government building, his parents tried to have him admitted to a psychiatric hospital. They were not able to do that because
a. he was not considered a danger to himself or others.
b. he was given medication, instead, to calm him down.
c. the hospital staff didn't believe his parents.

d. his behavior was due to a substance abuse problem.
a
Of the following groups of people, which is most likely to commit violent crimes?
a. Individuals with schizophrenia

b. Individuals with substance abuse problems
c. Healthy individuals

d. They are all equally likely to be violent
b
The most common type of hallucination experienced by psychotic individuals is
a. visual.

b. auditory.

c. tactile.

d. olfactory.
b
Results of research showing that auditory hallucinations are localized in the expressive speech area of the brain suggest that
a. these hallucinations are produced by the auditory nerve in the ear as well as the speech area of the brain.
b. people who are hallucinating think the voices of other people are actually their own.

c. a person who is hallucinating is actually listening to his/her own thoughts.

d. these hallucinations are related to the disorganized speech that occurs in schizophrenia.
c
The negative symptom of schizophrenia called avolition is defined as
a. inability to initiate and persist in activities.

b. inability to experience pleasure.

c. lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
d. lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.
a
Mort has displayed a number of schizophrenic symptoms. An obvious one was his lack of speech content and slowed speech response. This symptom is called
a. anhedonia.
b. avolition.

c. clanging.

d. alogia.
d
The negative symptom of schizophrenia called anhedonia is defined as
a. inability to initiate and persist in activities.

b. inability to experience pleasure.

c. lack of emotional response, blank facial expression.
d. lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.
b
Which of the following negative symptom of schizophrenia defines "flat affect"?
a. Inability to initiate and persist in activities

b. Inability to experience pleasure

c. Lack of emotional response, and a blank facial expression
d. Lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response
c
A research study involving adults with schizophrenia looked at their facial expressions in home movies taken when they were children. The researchers were trying to determine if the development of schizophrenia could be predicted by facial expressions showing limited emotional reactions. This research study focused on the negative symptom called
a. alogia.

b. affective flattening.

c. associative splitting.

d. emotional effect syndrome.
b
According to research, a person with schizophrenia who exhibits flat affect
a. is incapable of experiencing emotion.
b. can display emotion at certain times.
c. is capable of experiencing emotion.
d. none of the above
c
Mark was diagnosed with schizophrenia many years ago. Most recently, he has been exhibiting some bizarre behaviors. For example, he has been standing for hours in unusual postures. Mark's motor dysfunction is called
a. cognitive slippage.

b. inappropriate affect.
c. catatonic immobility.
d. hebephrenia.
c
Which of the following is an environmental influence that seems to contribute to the development of schizophrenia?
a. Exposure to environmental infection
b. Pregnancy complications

c. Birth delivery complications

d. All of the above
d
Marta, a hospitalized patient with schizophrenia, shows an unusual form of catatonia. If someone moves one of her arms or legs into a different position, it just stays that way. Marta's bizarre behavior is called
a. postural dysfunction.

b. waxy flexibility.

c. aerobic immobility

d. schizophrenic movement disorder.
b
Which of the following symptoms, though common in schizophrenia, is NOT required for a formal diagnosis of the disorder?
a. Diminished emotional expression
b. Disorganized speech

c. Hallucinations.

d. Delusions.
a
. More than ______% of characters in prime-time television dramas with schizophrenia are portrayed as violent, with more than _____% as murderers.
a. 30; 10
b. 40; 18
c. 60; 20
d. 70; 20
d
Callie has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. This means that in addition to schizophrenic symptoms, she also has symptoms of
a. an anxiety disorder.

b. a mood disorder.

c. a split personality.

d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b
At various times, individuals have been arrested for stalking celebrities who they believed were in love with them. This condition is called a(n) ________ delusion.
a. jealous

b. erotomanic
c. somatic

d. persecutory
b
A woman diagnosed with schizophrenia announces that she has a plan to end poverty and homelessness in the world and that the Pope has given her secret instructions on how this can be accomplished. Her thinking is indicative of a delusion of
a. persecution.

b. thought insertion.
c. grandeur.

d. reference.
c
Consuela believes that she is the wicked stepmother and her daughter Carmella believes she is Cinderella. It appears that the two are suffering from
a. schizoaffective disorder.

b. shizotypal disorder.

c. schizophreniform disorder.
d. folie à deux.
d
The DSM-5 criteria for brief psychotic disorder indicate that the duration of the disturbance must be less than
a. one day.

b. one week.

c. one month.
d. Six months.
c
The DSM-5 criteria for brief psychotic disorder indicate that the duration of the disturbance must be less than
a. one day.

b. one week.

c. one month.
d. Six months.
d
Schizophrenia is associated with "positive symptoms" that include
a. hallucinations and delusions.
b. Good mood.

c. avolition.

d. catatonia.
a
In working with schizophrenic patients, mental health professionals typically distinguish between ________ symptoms (an excess or distortion of normal behavior) and ________ symptoms (deficits in normal behavior).
a. positive; negative

b. negative; positive

c. manic; depressive

d. dysmorphic; dysfunctional
a
Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding statistical data on schizophrenia?
a. The lifetime prevalence rate is 1 percent.

b. Life expectancy is less than average due to suicides and accidents.

c. Men with schizophrenia have a better prognosis than women with schizophrenia.
d. More women than men develop schizophrenia later in life.
c
The Genain quadruplets Nora, Iris, Myra and Hester showed us that
a. The course, symptoms and prognosis of schizophrenia can vary even among quadruplets raised in the same household
b. The course, symptoms and prognosis of schizophrenia can be determined by birth weight

c. Schizophrenia is almost entirely genetic in its etiology

d. Having the same family environment largely ensures the same outcome in schizophrenia
a
Research studies focusing on genetic factors in schizophrenia have found that
a. an individual with a schizophrenic identical twin has the highest risk factor (almost 50 percent) of developing schizophrenia.
b. in family studies of schizophrenia, the genetic influence can be separated from the environmental impact.
c. if one person in a family has a particular subtype of schizophrenia, e.g., paranoid, the other family members inherit a predisposition for that subtype only.
d. the more severe a parent's schizophrenic disorder, the less likely the children are to develop it.
a
Given the research on schizophrenia involving the offspring of twins, all of the following are accurate statements EXCEPT that
a. the child of a schizophrenic identical twin has the same risk (17 percent) of having the disorder as the child of the non-schizophrenic identical twin.
b. the child of a non-schizophrenic fraternal twin has about a 2 percent risk of having the disorder.

c. a mentally healthy individual with a schizophrenic parent cannot pass on a genetic predisposition for the disorder to his or her offspring.
d. an individual can be free from schizophrenia but still be a "carrier."
c
In which of the following situations would the risk of developing schizophrenia be the lowest for a child?
a. A child's schizophrenic parent has a non-schizophrenic identical twin.
b. A child's non-schizophrenic parent has a schizophrenic identical twin.
c. A child's schizophrenic parent has a non-schizophrenic fraternal twin.
d. A child's non-schizophrenic parent has a schizophrenic fraternal twin.
d
Based on the various genetic linkage and association studies, one possible "marker" for schizophrenia involves
a. eye-tracking.

b. dopamine sites.

c. unusual facial features.
d. blood type.
a
When looking for abnormalities in the brain as clues to the influences of schizophrenia in correlational research, it is important to keep certain questions in mind. For example, if a person with schizophrenia were found to have an excess of dopamine, a researcher would need to ask all of the following questions EXCEPT:
a. Does too much dopamine cause schizophrenia?

b. Does having schizophrenia cause an excess of dopamine?

c. Is there some factor that causes both schizophrenia and an excess of dopamine?
d. Why is the dopamine system active in the schizophrenic brain?
d
Which of the following statements reflects "circumstantial evidence" for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?
a. Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) act as dopamine agonists, increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain.
b. Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) can produce symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease (a disorder due to insufficient dopamine).
c. The drug L-dopa, a dopamine agonist, is used to treat schizophrenic symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease.
d. Amphetamines, which activate dopamine, can lessen psychotic symptoms in people with schizophrenia.
b
Which of the following occurs when drugs are administered to patients with schizophrenia?
a. Drugs that increase dopamine (agonists) cause an increase in schizophrenic behavior.
b. Drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists) decrease schizophrenic symptoms.

c. Both a and b

d. Neither a nor b
c
. Manuella would respond coolly when her daughter embraced her, but when the child tried to pull away Manuella would say, "Don't you love me anymore?" This is an example of
a. double-bind communication.
b. expressed emotion.

c. Both of the above
a
Which of the following statements contradicts the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?
a. Many people with schizophrenia are not helped by dopamine antagonists.

b. Clozapine, one of the weakest dopamine antagonists, reduces schizophrenic symptoms in those patients who were not helped by stronger dopamine antagonists.
c. Both of these statements contradict the dopamine theory of schizophrenia

d. Neither of these statements contradicts the dopamine theory of schizophrenia
c
Recent and highly sophisticated research focusing on neurochemical abnormalities as the cause of schizophrenia involves all of the following EXCEPT
a. deficiency in the stimulation of prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors.

b. excessive stimulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptors.

c. alterations in prefrontal activity involving glutamate transmissions.

d. changes in temporal lobe function associated with serotonin receptor activity.
d
Scientists can observe how the newer antipsychotic medications work in the living brain of a patient with schizophrenia by using brain imaging techniques such as
a. the CT scan.
b. MRI.
c. an X-ray.

d. SPECT.
d
What is the evidence for structural damage in the brains of patients with schizophrenia?
a. All patients with schizophrenia have smaller ventricles in their brains.

b. In some patients with schizophrenia, there is an excess amount of "gray matter" in the cerebral cortex.
c. The majority of patients with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles in their brains.

d. Many patients with schizophrenia have increased activity in the frontal lobes of the brain.
c
Schizophrenia appears to be more frequently diagnosed in minorities in a number of countries. An explanation for this is:
a. people from devalued ethnic minority groups may be victims of bias and stereotyping.
b. it may be the result of misdiagnosis.

c. the levels of stress associated with stigma and isolation.

d. all of the above
d
Schizophrenia appears to be more frequently diagnosed in minorities in a number of countries. An explanation for this is:
a. people from devalued ethnic minority groups may be victims of bias and stereotyping.
b. it may be the result of misdiagnosis.

c. the levels of stress associated with stigma and isolation.

d. all of the above
a
Which of the following statements is true?
a. A cold, dominant, and rejecting mother causes schizophrenia.

b. A communication style that produces conflicting messages cause schizophrenia.

c. High expressed emotion in a family is a good predictor of relapse among patients with chronic schizophrenia.
d. None of these
c
Though no longer used, the word schizophrenogenic was first proposed in the 1940s to describe
a. an abusive and alcoholic father whose child became schizophrenic.
b. an emotionally distant mother whose child became schizophrenic.
c. divorced parents who had several psychotic children.

d. a family in which relatives on both sides were psychotic.
b
The familial communication style called expressed emotion, sometimes used to predict relapse rates in patients with schizophrenia, includes all of the following EXCEPT
a. overinvolvement.

b. criticism.

c. emotional distance.
d. hostility.
c
A treatment used in the 1930s for schizophrenia but now used primarily to treat severe depression is
a. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
b. prefrontal lobotomy.
c. insulin coma therapy.

d. psychosurgery.
a
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Recent research demonstrated that many people are helped by antipsychotic drugs.

b. Resent research indicates that many people no longer experience unpleasant side effects from antipsychotics.
c. Recent research found that second-generation antipsychotic meds were no more effective than the older drugs.
d. Recent research found that second-generation antipsychotic meds were better tolerated than the older drugs.
c
During the 1990s, a new type of antipsychotic medication became available to treat patients with schizophrenia who were not helped by conventional antipsychotic medications or who had developed unpleasant side effects. These new antipsychotic medications include all of the following EXCEPT
a. Thorazine (chlorpromazine).
b. Clozaril (clozapine).

c. Risperdal (risperidone).

d. Zyprexa (olanzapine).
a
Which of the following is NOT one of the typical minor side effects of antipsychotic medications?
a. Grogginess

b. Blurred vision

c. Headaches

d. Dryness of the mouth
c
Extrapyramidal symptoms, serious side effects of antipsychotic medications that occur in some patients with schizophrenia, are similar to the symptoms of
a. Alzheimer's disease.
b. Parkinson's disease.
c. multiple sclerosis.

d. leukemia.
b
Tardive dyskinesia, a severe side effect of antipsychotic medications, includes all of the following involuntary movements EXCEPT
a. chewing.

b. puffing of the cheeks.
c. tongue protrusion.

d. grinding of the teeth.
d
Mr. S is experiencing anhedonia, alogia, and episodes of catatonic immobility. What type of symptoms of schizophrenia is he struggling with?
a. Positive

b. Negative

c. disorganized
d. combined
b
All of the following factors seem to be related to patients' noncompliance with medication EXCEPT
a. negative patient-doctor relationship.
b. cost of medication.

c. comorbidity.

d. negative side effects.
c
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Some people respond well to the newer antipsychotic drugs.

b. The newer antipsychotic drugs show promise for helping patients who were previously unresponsive to medications.
c. Recent research found that second-generation antipsychotic meds were no more effective than the older drugs.
d. All of the above
d
One of the ways of improving patient compliance with regard to taking antipsychotic medication involves the use of
a. injections.

b. skin patches.
c. pills.

d. liquids.
a
. Ms. C is hearing voices from Satan, who gives her instructions for committing sins, and she is convinced that others know about her special relationship with him. What type of symptoms of schizophrenia is she struggling with?
a. positive

b. negative

c. disorganized
d. combined
a
In the 1970s, researchers set up a treatment system called a token economy in a mental health center. This type of "milieu" treatment for patients with schizophrenia focused on
a. language and speech.

b. socialization and self-care skills.

c. educational studies.

d. spiritual and religious development.
b
A token economy is an incentive system in which hospitalized patients with schizophrenia
a. earn "tokens" for appropriate behavior.
b. lose "tokens" for disruptive behavior.
c. both of these

d. neither of these
c
The 1970s experiment in which behavioral (or social learning) principles were applied to a traditional inpatient environment in the form of a token economy resulted in
a. more patients able to be discharged.

b. fewer patients able to be discharged.

c. more patients recovering from schizophrenia.
d. fewer patients recovering from schizophrenia.
a
In the latter half of the 20th century, the routine institutionalization of patients with schizophrenia was significantly reduced because of
a. the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications.
b. court rulings limiting involuntary hospitalization.
c. both a and b

d. neither a nor b
c
Since the latter half of the 20th century, the policy of deinstitutionalization (time-limited hospital stays for psychotic patients) has resulted in
a. more patients remaining hospitalized.

b. former patients becoming productive members of the community.
c. many former patients becoming homeless.

d. greater patient compliance regarding medication.
c
Some patients with schizophrenia are helped to function better in the community via independent living skills programs that teach them all of the following EXCEPT
a. medication management.

b. how to identify signs that warn of a relapse.

c. how to maintain eye contact when interacting with others.
d. how to help others who are mentally ill.
d
. Social skills training programs for patients with schizophrenia have been
a. very successful.

b. not at all successful.

c. somewhat successful while the program is in effect.
d. only successful when the patient is on medication.
c
Which of the following is NOT recommended as a helpful addition to biological treatment for schizophrenia?
a. Social skills training

b. Family intervention

c. High levels of expressed emotion

d. Programs in vocational rehabilitation
c
Psychosocial "clubs" or "clubhouses" for patients with schizophrenia have been formed as a part of some rehabilitation programs. Research indicates that participation in these clubs may help prevent relapses. However, it is difficult to interpret the improvement in these patients because
a. some patients are on medication and some aren't.

b. only the most psychotic patients participate.

c. patients who participate may be significantly different from those who don't.
d. a significant number of patients drop out before completing the program.
c
A technique that uses wire coils to repeatedly generate magnetic fields that pass through the skull to the brain is called
a. magnetic resonance imaging.

b. functional magnetic resonance imaging.
c. transcranial magnetic stimulation.

d. electroconvulsive stimulation.
c
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...