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AP Human Geography Chapter 13

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (37)

The best-known and most visually distinctive are of most cities is the __________
A. Central Business District
B. Central Residential Area
C. Government Ministerial Region
D. Suburban Retail District
E. Metro Transitional Area
A
Which of the following is the main reason why consumers, businesses, and public services are attracted to the CBD?
A. Accessibility
B. Congestion
C. Cheap Rent
D. Security and safety
E. Variety
A
Business services, such as advertising, banking, and journalism are centrally located mainly to
A. take advantage of the safe environment
B. facilitate rapid communication of fast-breaking news
C. facilitate the speedy movement of manufactured goods
D. maintain a presence in the seat of government
E. allow for easier commuting to and from the countryside
B
Which of the following is not true of the CBD?
A. compared to other parts of the city, the central area uses more space below and about ground level
B. Beneath most central cities runs a vast underground network of garages, loading trucks, utilities, walkways, and transit lines
C. Consumer services in the CBD sell office supplies, computers, and clothing, or offer shoe repair, rapid photocopying, and similar services
D. Large department stores once located in the suburbs are not clusters in the CBD
E. In several CBDs, new shopping areas attract suburban shoppers as well as out-of-town tourists with unique recreation and entertainment experiences
D
The three models describing the internal social structure of cities were developed in this city
A. Sacramento
B. New York City
C. Seattle
D. Chicago
E. Boston
D
Which model of the internal structure of the city explains that a city grows outward fringe a central area in a series of five rings, like the growth rings of a tree?
A. the concentric model
B. the sector model
C. the multiple nuclei model
D. the adaptive concentric model
E. the successive hierarchy model
A
Which of the following is most likely to be found in the second ring of a city in the concentric model?
A. poor-quality housing
B. affluent neighborhoods
C. city hall
D. universities
E. none of the above
A
Which model of the internal social structure of the city explains that growth develops in a series of sectors?
A. the concentric model
B. the sector model
C. the multiple uncle model
D. the adaptive concentric model
E. the successive hierarchy model
B
Geographers C. D. Harris and E. L. Ullman developed the ______ model in 1945.
A. concentric model
B. sector model
C. multiple nuclei model
D. adaptive concentric model
E. successive hierarchy model
C
Effective use of the urban-structure models depends on the availability of data at the scale of
A. national and state level
B. state and municipal level
C. municipal and city level
D. individual neighborhood level
E. none of the above
D
Which of the following is not one of the limitations of the three models in the internal social structure of the city?
A. the models are too simple and fail to consider the variety of reasons that lead people to select particular residential locations
B. The three models are all based entirely on the conditions in the U.S.
C. critics question their relevance to contemporary urban patterns in the United States and in other countries
D. models are simplifications, and we must remember that not everyone with the same characteristics will live in the same neighborhood
E. the models all assume that over time, cities will evolve to accommodate critical changes in demography and adapt to the growing needs of the urban poor
E
Which of the following is a major difference between CBDs in Europe and those in the U.S.?
A. Fewer people live in Europe's CBDs compared to the U.S.
B. Just like the U.S., wealthy people tend to avoid living in the CBD in Europe
C. More people live in Europe's CBDs compared to the U.S.
D. Property values are lowest in CBDs in Europe, a marked difference with the U.S. where property values are highest
E. European CBDs make no attempt to preserve their historic buildings
C
As in the United States, wealthier people in European cities cluster
A. along a sector extending our from the CBD
B. along major highways
C. in and around the inner city's historic buildings
D. in bunches around stadiums and opera houses
E. along industrial parks and waterways
A
In the past, low-income people
A. living in the center of European countries
B. were banned from living in the cities
C. were only allowed to live in the inner cities
D. lived in a segregated part of the suburbs along major routes
E. paid higher taxes for the right to live in the inner cities
A
Today, low-income people
A. tend to live in the center of European cities
B. are less likely to live in European inner-city neighborhoods
C. are only allowed to live in the inner cities of Europe
D. lived only in a segregated part of the suburbs along major routes
E. pay higher taxes for the right to live in the inner cities
B
In European cities, much of the housing for low-income minorities and immigrants is in
A. high-rise buildings in the suburbs
B. high-rise buildings in the inner city
C. single condominiums in the suburbs
D. single condominiums in the inner city
E. low-ride buildings in the countryside
A
In European cities, many residents of the dreary suburbs are _________ who face discrimination and prejudice
A. native Europeans who wish to preserve their ancient traditions
B. persons of color or recent immigrants from Africa or Asia
C. immigrants from northern Europe
D. immigrants from Russia and Poland, as well as other parts of Eastern Europe
E. none of the above
B
Which of the following is generally true of many suburbs in Europe, in contrast to U.S. models?
A. shops, schools, and other services are worse than in central-city neighborhoods, and they are center for crime, and violence, and drug dealing
B. they have the best schools, although these same schools are centers for white-collar crime, hazing, and other forms of student-on-student violence, and drug dealing
C. most of the best shopping malls are located here
D. they tend to have the largest community gardens in Europe
E. they have the highest property taxes in Europe, and their levels of crime are low
A
In developing countries, as in Europe
A. care is taken to make sure no poor person lives in the suburbs
B. there is no discernible urban pattern
C. the wealthy are accommodated in the outer rings, whereas the poor live near the center of cities as well as in a sector extending from the center
D. the poor are accommodated in the outer rings, whereas the wealthy live near the center of cities as well as in a sector extending from the center
E. care is taken so no poor person lives in the inner city
D
Before the Europeans established colonies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, most people there
A. lived in rural settlements
B. lived along mountain slopes
C. lived in large cities
D. lived on western side of towns
E. divided their time between living in the city and living in rural areas
A
Geographers Griffin and Ford show that in Latin American cities wealthy people
A. push out from the center in a well-defined elite residential sector
B. push into the center in a well-defined elite residential sector
C. have always lived exclusively in the center
D. have always lived in the peripheries away from the center
E. abhor the city center because of the high marginal tax rates
A
The term _______ defines an urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit.
A. village
B. city
C. state
D. metropolis
E. country
B
Approximately ______ percent of Americans live in urbanized areas
A. 90
B. 70
C. 50
D. 40
E. 30
B
The U.S. Bureau of the Census has created a method of measuring the functional area of a city, known as
A. the city-state
B. the megalopolis
C. the metropolitan statistical area
D. the metropolitan influence zone
E. the functional city limit
C
As of 2009, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, what percentage of Americans lived in an MSA?
A. 15
B. 37
C. 50
D. 68
E. 84
E
The process of legally adding land area to a city is called
A. stealing
B. encroachment
C. gerrymandering
D. confiscation
E. annexation
E
Which of the following is not true of annexation in the U.S.?
A. rules concerning annexation vary among states
B. normally, land cannot be annexed into a city even if a majority of residents in the affected area vote in favor of doing so
C. peripheral residents generally desired annexation in the nineteenth century, because the city offered better services, such as water supply, sewage disposal, and trash pick up
D. today's cities are surrounded by a collection of suburban jurisdictions whose residents prefer to remain legally independent of the large city
E. as U.S. cities grew rapidly in the nineteenth century, the legal boundaries frequently changed to accommodate newly developed areas
B
The number of local government units in the U.S. exceeds ________
A. 200
B. 1,000
C. 10,000
D. 20,000
E. 100,000
D
This is the process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing.
A. gentrification
B. gerrymandering
C. redlining
D. annexation
E. kleptocracy
A
Which of the following is NOT a reason why middle-class people are attracted to the U.S. inner city?
A. Houses may be larger and better constructed, yet cheaper in the inner city than in the suburbs
B. houses may posses attractive architectural trails such as ornate fireplaces and wood trim
C. those who work downtown can enjoy proximity to work
D. proximity to theaters, restaurants, and other cultural and recreational facilities located downtown
E. downtown public schools are superior, with quality instruction and high education rates
E
According to the peripheral model, an urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by
A. large industrial parks far removed from any residential neighborhoods
B. small clusters of suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road
C. large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road
D. wealthy residential neighborhoods with no access to the inner city
E. a beltway of connected roads leading to small rural areas where the rich live
C
Which of the following is not one of the chief reasons why people are attracted to the suburbs?
A. a detached single-family dwelling rather than a row house or apartment
B. a yard surrounding the house for children to play
C. space to park several cars at no cost
D. protection from inner-city crime and congestion
E. access to well-constructed houses with unique architectural designs like fireplaces and wood trim
E
Which of the following is true of urban retailing?
A. historically, urban residents bought food and other daily necessities at small neighborhood shops in the midst of housing areas
B. historically, grocery stores have always been outside the CBD
C. historically, all the large clothing stores preferred to set up shop in large suburban malls
D. historically, gangs made stores in the CBD pay "taxes" (protection money) to them
E. because of lower taxes, historically, large retain businesses preferred to locate in tall buildings
A
A shopping mall is built by a developer, who buys the land, builds the structures, and leases space to merchants. The key to a successful large shopping mall is the inclusion of one or more __________
A. anchors
B. tall buildings
C. food vendors
D. clothing stores
E. government services
A
Before the advent of streetcars, commuter trains, and subways, the growth of suburbs was _________
A. constrained by poor transportation
B. accelerated by excellent transportation
C. not affected by the lack of transportation
D. limited by the laws governing building new side streets
E. accelerated by the lack of rules involving the construction of side roads
A
More than _____ percent of all trips within U.S. cities are made by car
A. 95
B. 99
C. 68
D. 25
E. 33
A
The U.S. government paid 90 percent of the cost limited-access _______
A. nuclear-powered passenger ships and barges
B. major airports to support the struggling airline industry
C. subway and light rail systems in urban areas
D. high-speed interstate highways
E. passenger trains
D
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