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Microbiology Final Part 2- Hartman

Terms in this set (56)

Meningitis HiB: Gram Stain
Gram - bacilli, random arrangement
Meningitis HiB: Virulence
Encapsulated, produces beta-lactamase, aerobic
Meningitis HiB: Reservoir
Carried in the moist mucosa of human nasopharynx
-3-5% of preschool children are asymptomatic carriers
Meningitis HiB: Mode of Transmission
Direct or droplet transmission: coughing and kissing
Meningitis HiB: Signs and Symptoms
Acute onset fever
Headache
Seizures
Neck stiffness
Altered consciousness
Meningits HiB: Testing
Isolation of HiB from CSF
Gram stain showing gram negative bacilli
Growth of HiB from blood cultures
Meningitis HiB: Vaccine
Liquid HiB conjugate vaccine
Series of 2-3 doses: 2, 4, 6, 12-15 months
Meningitis HiB: Treatment
Amoxicillin or Augmentin
Cephalosporins
Meningitis HiB: Prevention
Vaccinate
Proper handwashing
Meningococcal Meningitis: Bacteria
Neisseria meningitidis
Meningococcal Meningitis: Gram stain
Gram - Cocci, diplo arrangment
Meningococcal Meningitis: Virulence
Capsule
Fimbriae
Extremely potent endotoxin
Aerobic
Meningococcal Meningitis: Reservoir
Humans only: present in the nose and throat
Meningococcal Meningitis: Mode of Transmission
Droplet transmission: exchanging respiratory and throat secretions during close or lengthy contact
Meningococcal Meningitis: Incubation period
4 days
Meningococcal Meningitis: Signs and Symptoms
Most due to endotoxin
Rash that does not fade when pressed
Sore throat, bacteremia, headache, nausea, stiff neck, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light, confusion
Gram negative sepsis: lead to tissue damage, death
Meningococcal Meningitis: Testing
CSF
Gram stain
latex agglutination tests: 20 minutes
Meningococcal Meningitis: Vaccine
MCV4
Meningococcal Meningitis: TMT
Cephalosporins
-With tmt: 9-12 mortality rate
-W/o tmt: 80% mortality rate
Meningococcal Meningitis: Prevention
Vaccination (approved by CDC)
-2-6 years
-College level
Pneumococcal meningitis/pneumonia: Bacteria
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Pneumococcal meningitis/pneumonia: Gram Stain
Gram + cocci
Pneumococcal meningitis/pneumonia: Virulence
Encapsulated
Pneumococcal meningitis/pneumonia: Reservoir
Humans
Pneumococcal meningitis/pneumonia: Mode of Transmission
Droplet transmission by direct contact
Pneumococcal meningitis/pneumonia: Signs and symptoms
Fever
Headache
stiff neck
nausea
vomiting
convulsions
Com
Pneumococcal meningitis/pneumonia: Testing
CSF
Pneumococcal meningitis/pneumonia: Vaccine
Conjugate vaccine
Pneumococcal meningitis/pneumonia: Treatment
Cephalosporins
Amoxicillin or Augmentin
Pneumococcal meningitis/pneumonia: Prevention
Vaccinate: children under 2 and adults over 65
Pertussis: Bacteria
Bordetella pertussis
Pertussis: Gram Stain
Gram - small random coccobacillus
Pertussis: Virulence
Capsule
Attach to ciliated cells of the trachea
Toxins: Tracheal cytotoxin and pertussis toxin
Aerobic
Pertussis: Reservoir
Humans
Pertussis: Mode of Transmission
Droplet: coughing and sneezing
Pertussis: Incubation
9-10 days
Pertussis: Signs and Symptoms
Catarrhal Stage: cold like symptoms
Paroxysmal Stage: prolonged, severe coughing.
-Can fracture ribs
-gasping for air causes "whooping"
Convalescent State: lasts for month. Organisms are shed in secretions.
Pertussis: Testing
Based on clinical signs and symptoms
Throat culture
PCR
Pertussis: Vaccine
Recommended by CDC
Acellular vaccine
DTaP: in children
Tdap: booster
Pertussis: Treatment
Erythromycin
Pertussis: Prevention
Vaccination with acellular pertussis as part of DPT
Plague: Bacteria
Yersinia perstis
Plague: Gram stain
Gram- random bacilli
Plague: Virulence
Facultative anaerobe
Nonmotile at 37'
Endotoxin
-IL-1 release
-TNF release
Plasmid encoded YOPS: blocks host's cell's ability to communicate with the immune system cells
Plague: Vector
Xenopsylla cheopis (rat flea)
Plague: Reservoir
Rodents: prairie dogs, rats, mice
Zoonosis
Plague: Mode of Transmission
Flea bite
Inhalation
Contact with infected animals
Plague: Incubation
1-3 days
Bubonic Plague: Signs and Symptoms
Most common
Buboes
Black-colored, subcutaneous hemorrhages (gangrene)
Septicemic Plague: Signs and Symptoms
Second most common form
nausea/vomiting
Abdominal pain
Bleeding problems
Pneumonic Plague: Signs and Symptoms
100% fatal if not treated in first 24 hours after exposure
rapid breathing
dyspnea
chest pain
hemoptysis
Hypotension shock
Pneumonic Plague: Progression
Primary pnuemonic plage: due to expose to respiratory droplets
Secondary pneumonic plague: due to bacteria from the blood invading the lungs from bubonic or septicemic plague.
Plague: Testing
Select agent
Microscopic exam
Culture
Serology
Plague: Vaccine
Vaccine no longer available
Plague: Treatment
Tetracycline: Doxycycline
Plague: Prevention
flea and rodent control
quarantine patients
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