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Last Chapter For Exam

Terms in this set (50)

The major regions of a hair shaft as seen in cross section include all of the following except ______.

A) cortex
B) cuticle
C) hair bulb
D) medulla
C
Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps?

A) levator folliculi
B) arrector pili
C) arrector integument
D) arrector folliculi
B
Eyebrow hairs are always shorter than hairs on your head because _______.

A) they grow much faster for years at a time
B) the vascular supply of the eyebrow follicle is one-tenth that of the head hair follicle
C) hormones in the eyebrow follicle switch the growth off after it has reached a predetermined length
D) eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months
D
Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system?

A) water absorption
B) metabolic functions
C) body temperature regulation
D) cutaneous sensation
A
In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?

A) It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body
B) It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases.
C) It is involved in the synthesis of vitamin D
D) The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy
C
The most abundant cells of the epidermis

A) Melanocytes
B) Keratinocytes
C) Langerhans' cells
D) Merkel cells
B
-Composed largely of adipose tissue
-Loosely anchors skin to underlying structures

A) Dermis
B) Hypodermis
C) Epidermis
B
Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A) Epidermis
B) Hypodermis
C) Dermis
A
Epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system

A) Melanocytes
B) Keratinocytes
C) Langerhans' cells
D) Merkel cells
C
Function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings

A) Melanocytes
B) Keratinocytes
C) Langerhans' cells
D) Merkel cells
D
- Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis
- Consists primarily of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes
- Cells undergo rapid division, hence its alternate name, stratum germinativum

A) Stratum basale
B)Stratum spinosum
C)Stratum granulosum
D)Stratum lucidum
A
- Cells contain a weblike system of intermediate filaments of pre-keratin attached to desmosomes
- Melanin granules and Langerhans' cells are also abundant in this layer

A) Stratum basale
B)Stratum spinosum
C)Stratum granulosum
D)Stratum lucidum
B
- Three to five cell layers in which drastic changes in keratinocytes occur
- Cells flatten and organelles deteriorate - Keratohyaline (help to form keratin) and lamellated (release glycolypids) granules accumulate
- Plasma membranes thicken and lipids coat the external surface

A) Stratum basale
B)Stratum spinosum
C)Stratum granulosum
D)Stratum lucidum
C
- Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum
- Consists of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes
- Present only in thick skin
Thick skin - palms of hands and soles of feet (5 layers)
Thin skin - the rest of the body (4 layers)

A) Stratum basale
B)Stratum spinosum
C)Stratum granulosum
D)Stratum lucidum
D
- Outermost layer of dead keratinized cells
- Accounts for up to three quarters of the epidermal thickness
- Functions include: Protection from abrasion and penetration and forming a biological, chemical, and physical barrier

A) Stratum basale
B)Stratum corneum
C)Stratum granulosum
D)Stratum lucidum
B
Papillary

A) outer layer of the dermis
B) inner thicker layer of the dermis
A
Reticular

A) outer layer of the dermis
B) inner thicker layer of the dermis
B
- Comprised of areolar connective tissue
- Its superior surface contains projections called dermal papillae

A) Papillary layer
B) Reticular layer
A
-Composed of dense irregular connective tissue
- Accounts for approximately 80% of the thickness of the dermis
- Collagen and Elastin fibers in this layer add strength, resiliency and elasticity to the skin

A) Papillary layer
B) Reticular layer
B
- yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment, responsible for primary skin colors. Freckles and pigmented moles result from local accumulations of melanin.

A) Melanin
B) Carotene
C) Hemoglobin
A
- yellow to orange pigment, most obvious in the palms and soles of the feet

A) Melanin
B) Carotene
C) Hemoglobin
B
- reddish pigment responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin

A) Melanin
B) Carotene
C) Hemoglobin
C
-Found all over the body but are particularly numerous in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead
- Secrete a watery sweat to cool the body

A) Eccrine sweat glands
B) Apocrine sweat glands
C) Ceruminous glands
D)Mammary glands
A
- specialized sweat glands that secrete milk

A) Eccrine sweat glands
B) Apocrine sweat glands
C) Ceruminous glands
D)Mammary glands
D
- Empty into hair follicles in the axillary and anogenital areas
- Secretions contain fats and proteins that produce odor when broken down by bacteria
- Are activated and stimulated by hormones, particularly androgens, beginning at puberty

A) Eccrine sweat glands
B) Apocrine sweat glands
C) Ceruminous glands
D)Mammary glands
B
-modified apocrine glands in external ear canal that secrete cerumen (ear wax)

A) Eccrine sweat glands
B) Apocrine sweat glands
C) Ceruminous glands
D)Mammary glands
C
extends from the epidermal surface into the dermis

A)Root Sheath
B)Hair bulb
C)Arrector pili muscle
D)Root hair plexus
A
Deep end of the sheath is expanded forming a:

A)Root Sheath
B)Hair bulb
C)Arrector pili muscle
D)Root hair plexus
B
is associated with each hair follicle

A)Root Sheath
B)Hair bulb
C)Arrector pili muscle
D)Root hair plexus
C
A knot of sensory nerve endings (a root hair plexus) wraps around each hair bulb. Bending a hair stimulates these endings, hence hairs act as sensitive touch receptors

A)Root Sheath
B)Hair bulb
C)Arrector pili muscle
D)Root hair plexus
D
pale, fine body hair found in children and adult females

A) Vellus Hair
B) Terminal Hair
A
coarse, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary, and pubic regions of both sexes. Hair of the face, chest and usually arms and legs of males

A) Vellus Hair
B) Terminal Hair
B
hair thinning in both sexes

A) Alopecia
B) Male pattern baldness
A
caused by follicular response to DHT (dihydrotestosterone)

A) Alopecia
B) Male pattern baldness
B
-the deeper layers of epidermis beneath the nail

A)Nail bed
B)Nail matrix
A
the thickened, proximal end of the nail bed responsible for nail growth (seen as the lunule or lunula of the nail)

A) Nail matrix
B) Nail bed
A
(melanin and skin secretions) - skin secretions inhibit the growth of bacteria. Melanin shields cells from UV damage.

A)Chemical Barrier
B) Biological Barrier
C) Physical Barrier
A
Langerhans' cells and other macrophages fight bacteria and viruses. DNA absorbs UV radiation and converts it to heat.

A)Chemical Barrier
B) Biological Barrier
C) Physical Barrier
B
- toughness of keratinized cells and the waterproofing action of the glycolipids form a physical barrier.

A)Chemical Barrier
B) Biological Barrier
C) Physical Barrier
C
- Stratum basale cells proliferate and invade the dermis and hypodermis. Least malignant and most common skin cancer. Slow growing and do not often metastasize.

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Melanoma
A
- Arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum. Grows rapidly and metastasizes if not removed. Arise most often on scalp, ears, and lower lip and hand

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Melanoma
B
Cancer involving melanocytes. Is the most dangerous type of skin cancer because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy.

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Melanoma
C
-only the epidermis is damaged. Symptoms include redness, swelling, and pain.

A) First degree
B) Second degree
C) Third degree
A
- epidermis and upper regions of dermis are damaged. Symptoms are same as for first degree burns, but blisters also appear

A) First degree
B) Second degree
C) Third degree
B
- entire thickness of the skin is damaged (epidermis and dermis). Burned area appears gray-white, cherry red, or black. There is no initial pain in the burned area (since nerve endings are destroyed).

A) First degree
B) Second degree
C) Third degree
C
-downy coat of delicate hairs covering the fetus


A) Lanugo
B) Vernix caseosa
A
- substance produced by sebaceous glands that protects the skin of the fetus

A) Lanugo
B) Vernix caseosa
B
__________ numbers of melanocytes and Langerhans' cells increase the risk of skin cancer

A) increased
B) decreased
B
The functional role of the T tubules is to:

A)synthesize ATP to provide energy for muscle contraction
B)actively transport calcium from the sarcoplasm
C)conduct an action potential into the cell during stimulation of a muscle
D)hold cross bridges in place in a resting muscle
C
Acetylcholine receptors are found on the _______ of the neuromuscular junction.

A)axon terminal
B)sarcoplasmic reticulum
C)synaptic cleft
D)junctional folds
C
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